Determination of metabolites products by Cassia angustifolia and evaluate antimicobial activity
February 2016
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Forty four bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic leaves extract of Cassia angustifolia. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. angustifolia revealed the existence...
In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of Chrysophyllum albidum and Diospyros monbuttensis leaves
January 2016
Despite progress in the development of antibacterial agents, there are still special needs to find new antibacterial agents due to the development of multidrug resistance by bacteria and fungi. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum and Diospyros monbuttensis. Methanolic and...
Pharmacological studies of methanolic extracts of Sonchus arvensis from Kathmandu
December 2015
Sonchus arvensis, a perennial sowthistle, is a common but underutilized species of Kathmandu, Nepal. Several uses like sedative, antioxidant and kidney stone eradicating properties have been identified till date, but study on other pharmacological activities is not yet explored. Therefore, this plant was collected from Kathmandu; aerial parts of the plant were dried, crushed, and extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. The...
Phytochemical analysis of Urtica dioica leaves by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
October 2015
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds formed during the plants normal metabolic processes. These chemicals are often referred to as secondary metabolites. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of leaves extract from methanol. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Fifteen bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the...
Hepatoprotective effects of the decoction and macerated leaves of Rhamnus alaternus L. on rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride
October 2015
The plant of Ramnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae) has been object of many therapeutic indications for traditional medicine. Many studies have showed a hepatoprotective activity of R. alaternus L. The objective of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activities of decoction and macerated R. Alaternus L. leaves extracts on rats initially exposed to carbon tetrachloride CCl4 (1 ml/kg). The macerated leaves (250 mg/kg...
Evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera
September 2015
The aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effect of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) against Aspiculuris tetraptera in naturally infected mice. For this purpose, the natural infection was determined by the cellophane tape (on the anal region), and the centrifugal flotation methods of stool samples in approximately 150 male Swiss albino mice (27 to 35 g). The infected mice (29 animals) were divided...
Determination of metabolites products by Penicillium expansum and evaluating antimicobial activity
September 2015
The objectives of this study were to analyze the secondary metabolites of Penicillium expansum and evaluate antibacterial activity. Twenty eight bioactive compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of P. expansum. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of P....
Biochemical analysis of Origanum vulgare seeds by fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
September 2015
Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities, and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. The objective of this research is to determine the chemical composition of methanolic seed extract. The phytochemical compound screened by spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Sixteen bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the...
Analysis of bioactive chemical compounds of Aspergillus niger by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
August 2015
Bioactives are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Thirty five bioactive compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Aspergillus niger. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Aspergillus niger revealed the existence of the...
Ethnobotanical survey of healing medicinal plants traditionally used in the main Moroccan cities
August 2015
The present study is a survey conducted to indicate the healing medicinal plants, traditionally used by the Moroccan population, and especially to select the healing plants mainly used in the form of essential oils. This survey allowed an inventory of 59 species of healing plants belonging to 37 families. The results showed that the whole plant is the most commonly used part (31%), followed by the leaves (29%). Most...
Preliminary screening of anti-inflammatory effect of phytochemicals on chemotaxis of human neutrophils
August 2015
Neutrophils are leukocytes that are actively recruited to sites of tissue infection and/or injury by directed movement (chemotaxis). In vitro assessment of inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis is a physiologic indicator of anti-inflammatory potential. To identify nontoxic, anti-inflammatory agents, plant-derived compounds (curcumin, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid and piperine) were assessed for effects on in vitro...
Identification of five newly described bioactive chemical compounds in methanolic extract of Mentha viridis by using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
July 2015
The bioactive compounds were screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Twenty one bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Mentha viridis using GC-MS method. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time, molecular weight and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of M. viridis revealed the existence of the...
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Elytraria marginata Vahl (whole plant) in Wistar rats
July 2015
The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Elytraria marginata were studied using hot plate, thermal-induced pain and carrageenan-induced acute inflammation models in adult Wister rats. The preliminary phytochemical constituents of the extract were also ascertained. Inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan into the sub-planter surface of the right hind paw of the rats....
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Vernonia pauciflora Willd. (Asteraceae) Ethanol Extracts
June 2015
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Vernonia pauciflora crude ethanol extract were studied in order to verify the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed that it contained cyanogenetic glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes with no trace of alkaloids. The analgesic screening of the extract against acetic acid-induced writhing in mice showed...
Gas chromatography mass spectrum and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of methanolic extract of Rosmarinus oficinalis leaves
June 2015
The aims of the study were to investigate the presence of phytochemical compounds from the leaves of Rosmarinus oficinalis, using methanolic extraction and report the main functional components by using FT-IR. The phytochemical compound screened by GC-MS method. Seventeen bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of R. oficinalis. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based...
Palliative treatment of cancer in resource poor settings: Traditional medicine perspective
May 2015
This study aimed to determine the suitability of ethnomedicinal plants as a suitable option for palliative care of cancer in Namibia. To achieve this, key informant interviews were conducted in central and northern parts of Namibia on the use of ethnomedicinal plant products for palliation of cancer. Information from surveys on the medicinal use of plants in Oshikoto and Zambezi regions of Namibia for ailments such as...
Antibacterial attributes of extracts of Phyllantus amarus and Phyllantus niruri on Escherichia coli the causal organism of urinary tract infection
May 2015
In view of the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) worldwide, the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics and their side effects, the aerial part and root of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum. and Thonn.) and Phyllanthus niruri (L.) were analysed for mineral and phytochemical constituents, and their ethanol extracts screened against five clinical isolates of Escherichia coli associated...
Antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities, and the acute toxicity of extracts from of Brucea sumatrana Roxb. (Simaroubaceae) leaves collected in Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of Congo
April 2015
Results from the in vitro evaluation of the antiprotozoal activity of the aqueous extract, the 80% methanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Brucea sumatrana against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Lesihmania infantum, the multidrug-resistant K1 and chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strains of Plasmodium falciparum indicated that all samples from the leaves extract presented interesting antiprotozoal...
New pentacyclic triterpene ester and flavone glycoside from the biologically active extract of Carduus pycnocephalus L.
April 2015
Bioassay guided phytochemical investigation of petroleum ether, chloroform and butanol fractions obtained from biologically active total alcoholic extract of Carduus pycnocephalus led to isolation of two new compounds, 3-O-acetyl-ursolic acid-28-ethyl ester (compound 1) and diosmetin-7-O-α-L-arabinopyransyl (1```→4``)-β-D- glucopyranoside (compound 5) along with three known...
Characterization of alkaloid constitution and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Solanum nigrum using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
April 2015
In this study, the alkaloid compounds of Solanum nigrum have been evaluated. The chemical compositions of the leaf methanol extract of S. nigrum were investigated using gas chromatography-mass specroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis of S. nigrum alkaloid leaf methanol extract revealed the existence of the cyclopentasiloxane-decamethyl, L-proline, ethylester, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, methyl ether, cyclopentasiloxane-ocamethyl,...
Phytochemical studies and thin layer chromatography of leaves and flower extracts of Senna siamea lam for possible biomedical applications
March 2015
Senna siamea is a medium-size, evergreen plant which has been utilized as a source of food, medicine and other agricultural purposes in different communities. However, there is dearth of information in regard to its possible biomedicinal uses, especially in Nigeria. Thus the preliminary phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatography (TLC) separation was done using methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate (1:3:1)...
Separate and co-administration of Amaranthus spinosus and vitamin C modulates cardiovascular disease risk in high fat diet-fed experimental rats
March 2015
Report indicates that global death from cardiovascular diseases is more than any other diseases hence research is being intensified to provide scientific data in support of the use of traditional plants for its management. In this study, the efficacy of Amaranthus spinosus on lipid disorder occasioned by dietary regimen supplemented with lard and its role in oxidative stress was compared with vitamin C. Forty adult male...
Herbal medicines use among diabetic patients in Oriental Morocco
February 2015
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of herbal medicines (HM) use among diabetic patients in Oriental Morocco, in order to establish an updated inventory of HM consumption and determine the predictive factors of their use in our patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study during three months from March, 2013 to May, 2013 including all diabetic patients consulting at the Department of Endocrinology...
Pharmacological properties of Pomaria sandersonii, Pentanisia prunelloides and Alepidea amatymbica extracts using in vitro assays
January 2015
The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of root crude acetone extracts and fractions of different polarities from Pomaria sandersonii (Fabaceae), Pentanisia prunelloides (Rubiaceae) and Alepidea amatymbica (Apiaceae) were determined using in vitro assays. The antioxidant properties of extracts and fractions were assessed by reduction of 2, 2´-azinobis...
Effect of geographical location and antibacterial activities of essential oils from Ivoirian Chromolaena odorata (L) R. M. King & Robinson (Asteraceae)
September 2014
Essential oil yield and chemical composition of fresh leaves of Chromolaena odorata obtained by hydro-distillation collected from five different sites in Abidjan were investigated. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From each locality, leaves were collected during sunny period to look for some correlation between...
Risk of liver damage, reduced serum T3 and TSH, reduced placental and litter birth weights are some of the outcomes of Hybanthus enneaspermus infusion to pregnant rats
June 2014
Hybanthus enneaspermus is used by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in southwest Nigeria in antenatal care. We examined the effects of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of H. enneaspermus (HEaq) on liver weight and assay, maternal-thyroid hormones, foetal growth and litters birth weights in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Twelve pregnant SD rats were used for this study. Control group received distilled water...
African medicinal plant derived products as therapeutic arsenals against multidrug resistant microorganisms
June 2014
Infectious diseases due to resistant pathogenic strains are rampant and the burden is worsened by the emergence and spread of microorganisms resistant to cheap and effective first-choice drugs. Medicinal plants could be an alternative solution to this and the aim of the present review is to summarize available evidence and knowledge concerning African medicinal plants used to treat multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria,...
Immunomodulatory activities of methanol extract of the whole aerial part of Phyllantus niruri L.
May 2014
In this study, the effect of methanol extract of whole aerial parts of Phyllantus niruri on some specific and non-specific immune response was investigated. The effects of P. niruri on in vivo leucocyte mobilization, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTHR) response, and humoral antibody (HA) response were determined in rats. Acute toxicity profile of P. niruri was evaluated in mice....
Acute toxicity studies, antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial activities of extract from the barks of Ricinodendron heudoletti (Euphorbiaceae)
May 2014
Many bacteria are involved in infectious diseases. Most of these bacteria become resistant to the most commonly used synthetic drugs. In Cameroon, natural substance seem to be an alternative to this problem. Thus the aim of this research was to investigate the acute toxicity, antioxidant activities and the in vitro antibacterial of the methanol extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Euphorbiaceae) against twelve...
Antibacterial and antifungal screening of extracts from six medicinal plants collected in Kinshasa-Democratic Republic of Congo against clinical isolate pathogens
April 2014
Results from the in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of six plant extracts indicated that the aqueous and the methanol extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana leaves and Ageratum conyzoides leaves exhibited good and efficient antifungal activity against Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 31.25 µg/ml and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 62.5 µg/ml)...
Antioxidant effects of curcumin against cadmium chloride-induced oxidative stress in the blood of rats
April 2014
Humans are exposed to a number of toxic elements in the environment. Cadmium, widely used in industry, is a great environmental health problem of both humans and animals. Effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation have been postulated to be major contributors to cadmium-exposure related disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on oxidative stress in rats exposed to cadmium....
Phytochemical analysis of the methanol leaves extract of Paullinia pinnata linn
February 2014
The aim of this study seeks to investigate the presence of steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones and flavonoids compounds as the possible agent responsible for the medicinal activities of the leaf of the plant Paullinia pinnata and also to carry out phytochemical screening of the dried leaf of the plant, to extract and fractionate the leaf and finally to carry out thin layer chromatography...
Phytochemical profiling of phytoconstituents of grape, Jatropha curcas and Neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts
February 2014
This study investigated the phytoconstituents in Neem (seed and flower), Jatropha curcas (stem and root bark) and grape (stem bark and leaves) in some selected solvents. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compound saponin in all the parts of the three plants in water extract only. Saponin was absent in other solvents used (ethanol, ethyl acetate, propan-2-ol, methanol, n-butanol and acetone)....
Antitrypanosomal activity of Aristolochia ringens against Trypanosoma congolense infection in mice
January 2014
The methanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens whole plant, commonly used in the traditional treatment of various diseases in humans and animal by some phytotherapist in Nigeria, was evaluated for anti-trypanosomal efficacy in mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Following three days dose intra-peritoneal administration, the extract produced anti-trypanosomal effect at the three dosage levels of the four tested...
Antidiabetic potential of liquid-liquid partition fractions of ethanolic seed extract of Corchorus olitorious
January 2014
The Corchorus olitorius seeds were pulverized (grounded) to powder. The powdered seed (200 g) was extracted with 500 ml of ethanol (99.9%) within a period of 24 h and the procedure repeated 3 times using the same powdered extract. Extraction and fractionation were carried out with some modification in the choice of primary solvent (water) and partitioning (separating) solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and...
In vitro potential anthelmintic activity of bulbils of Dioscorea bulbifera L. on earthworms and liverflukes
December 2013
Ethnobotanical information from Nigeria specifies the usage of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae) in treatment of parasitic diseases in human and thus, could be of value in preventing the development of resistance to common synthetic anthelmintics. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of methanolic extracts of the flesh and peel of the bulbils of D. bulbifera, on Fasciola...
Quantitative phytochemical and elemental analysis of Guiera senegalensis leaf extract
December 2013
Guiera senegalensis is a shrub found in the savannah region of west and central Africa that is widely used in traditional medicine for the remedy of many ailments/diseases. In this study, some of the phytochemicals and elements present in its leaves were quantified. Alkaloids content was found to be 21.98 g/100 g, saponins 0.28 g/100 g and tannins 0.40 g/100 g. The results showed that alkaloids content is high while...
In vivo and in vitro antibacterial activities of Momordica charantia on Salmonella typhi and its effect on liver function in typhoid-infected rats
November 2013
Typhoid fever is a disease prevalent in the tropics. In spite of the availability of various therapies, treatment of patients with the disease has been quite challenging in the face of resistance to drugs used. Momordica charantia has been used locally to treat typhoid. This study investigated the antimicrobial potency of methanolic extract of M. charantia leaves on Salmonella typhi in male albino rats (Sprague dawley)...
Hepatoprotective effects of natural Calculus Bovis against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatic injury in rats
November 2013
Natural Calculus Bovis (NCB) is an important Chinese medical material commonly referred to as pigment gallstones of cows, which has been applied in many effective traditionally preparations of Chinese medicine for many years. The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of NCB on diethylnitrosamine induced hepatic injury in rats. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of NCB on liver injury were also analyzed....
Medicinal importance of genus Origanum: A review
October 2013
Genus Origanum is important medicinally as it has antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antithrombin, antimutagenic, angiogenic, antiparasetic and antihyperglycaemic activities. Phytochemical investigations of the species of this genus have resulted in the extraction of a number of important bioactive compounds. This emphasizes on the need of extensive study for reporting the additional...
Antimicrobial effect of Microdacyn 60, OxOral, and sodium hypochlorite 5.25% in anaerobic bacteria
October 2013
Irrigants have traditionally been used in the root canal. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used solution, because of its advantages; however, it is known to be toxic to periradicular tissues and can cause necrosis of support tissues and edema. The objective of this study is to compare the antimicrobial effect of Microdacyn 60®, OxOral®, and NaOCl 5.25% against Streptococcus sobrinus,...
Evaluation of anti-acne activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum Linn.
September 2013
Nature always stands as a golden mark to exemplify the outstanding phenomena of symbiosis. Acne vulgaris is an extremely common disorder affecting many adolescents and adults throughout their lifetimes. The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and is thought to involve excess sebum, follicular hyperkeratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation. Pomegranate, Punica granatum Linn....
Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the management of fertility and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
September 2013
The rise and fall in fertility level remain a serious concern in economic planning nations. In spite of concerted efforts of governmental and non-governmental organization to control birth through campaign and provision of safe sex devices, yet not much success has been recorded. There is dearth of information on plants traditionally used for fertility regulation in literature. In this study an ethnobotanical survey of...
Evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Mikania cordata (Asteraceae) leaves
September 2013
The ethanol extract of the dried leaves of Mikania cordata (Family-Asteraceae) was investigated for its possible bioactive chemical groups and antinociceptive, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities in animal models. The extract produced significant writhing inhibition in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at the oral dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight (p<0.001) comparable to the standard drug...
Drying characteristics of Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum) and its effect on colour and saponin content
August 2013
An experiment was carried out to adjudge the effect of different drying techniques of post harvest on colour and saponin content of Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum), a medicinal plant belonging to the family Liliaceae, has been traditionally used as adaptogenic drug. The present study was done on drying of fresh Safed Musli root in different condition like: shade, sun, solar and cabinet dryer. The moisture...
Phytochemical properties and effect of aqueous extract of Jatropha caucus root bark on some bacterial isolates
August 2013
Phytochemical properties and effect of aqueous extract of Jatropha caucus root bark on some bacteria isolates was investigated. The root bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and terpenes/steroids. The extract applied in graded concentrations of 200, 400 and 600 mg/ml inhibited the multiplication of Staphylococcus...
Microscopical and physicochemical studies of Indigofera barberi (Fabaceae) stem
August 2013
The present study mainly focuses on the establishment of pharmacognostical standards ofIndigofera barberi stem. I. barberi is a small diaceous shrub which belongs to the family Fabaceae and is distributed in India. The whole plant is medicinally reported or claimed to cure several diseases in traditional system of medicine folklore in particularl. This study aimed for the pharmacognostic study of the stem has...
Evaluation of retinoblastoma (Rb) and protein-53 (p53) gene expression levels in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) induced with some selected cytotoxic plants
July 2013
Many Nigerian plants have been hypothesized to have anticancer potentials. However, not many of them have been subjected to acceptable scientific evaluation for their potential anticancer effects. In this study, six of such plants were selected to evaluate the effects of their crude, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, detanninfied and tannin fractions for brine shrimp lethality assay and the most cytotoxic fractions of...
Pharmacognostic and hypoglycemic studies of Achyranthus aspera L.
July 2013
In the present study, the ethanolic extract of Achyranthus aspera L. Leaves (EEA) were investigated for their pharmacognostic characteristics and hypoglycemic effects. The pharmacognosy of the plant was carried out using microscopic and macroscopic tools. Macroscopic studies revealed that the leaves were cauline, ramel, opposite, exstipulate, simple, sub-sessile, ovate, entire, acute, unicostate, reticulate,...
Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration increase induced by 6,8-dihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone in rat aorta
July 2013
In this study, we attempted to evaluate the role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in the vasorelaxant response induced by 6,8-Dihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone (DMF) in isolated rat aorta rings by using functional and biochemical approaches. Thoracic aortic rings were isolated and suspended in organ baths, and the effects of DMF were studied by means of isometric tension recording...
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