Screening of spontaneous castor bean accesses for genetic improvement programs
October 2016
The objective of this work was to identify, through the use of multivariate analysis, the spontaneous accesses of castor bean that show promising characteristics for inclusion in genetic improvement programs of this culture in Brazil. The study was conducted at the Paulista State University, Jaboticabal Campus. The accesses of castor bean seeds obtained were identified as ACS-001-CRSP, ACS-001-JASP, ACS-001-MASP,...
Assessment of the genetic diversity of Kenyan coconut germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
October 2016
Genetic diversity and relationship among 48 coconut individuals (Cocos nucifera L.) collections from the Coastal lowland of Kenya were analyzed using 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. Diversity parameters were calculated using Popgene Software version 1.31. The gene diversity values ranged from 0.0408 (CAC68) to 0.4861 (CAC23) with a mean value of 0.2839. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values...
Evaluation of various pesticides-degrading pure bacterial cultures isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils in Ecuador
October 2016
Due to the intensive use of pesticides within the greenhouse-rose production, remediation of polluted soils has become a hot topic for researchers in recent decades. Several bacterial strains having the ability to utilize various pesticides as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from pesticide-contaminated soils of Urcuquí, Ecuador. According to phenotypical, physiological, and biochemical...
Use of response surface methodology to optimize the drying conditions of a bioactive ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer
October 2016
The present work aims to optimize the heat drying conditions of a bioactive feed ingredient derived from the African opaque sorghum beer. The bioactive ingredient was dried at various temperatures 35 to 50°C and times 5 to 24 h. The effects of the drying conditions on the dry matter, water activity, pH, titratable acidity, bacteriocin, ethanol, lactic acid, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria contents and antimicrobial...
Enzymatic regulation of organic acid metabolism in an alkali-tolerant halophyte Chloris virgata during response to salt and alkali stresses
October 2016
Chloris virgata, an alkali-tolerant halophyte, was chosen as the test material for our research. The seedlings of C. virgata were treated with varying salt and alkali stress. First, the composition and content of organic acids in shoots were analyzed and the results indicated that there was not only a significant increase in total organic acids, but there were also obvious changes in different components of organic...
Comparison of four nonlinear growth models for effective exploration of growth characteristics of turbot Scophthalmus maximus fish strain
October 2016
This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness for non-linear growth models designated as Chapman-Richards, Gompertz, Logistic and von Bertalanffy for selection of fast-growing fish strain of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. These models were compared using the goodness of fit (the coefficient of determination (R2) and the mean square error (MSE)) and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the growth...
Genetic determinants of antifungal resistance in Candida species
October 2016
In the previous decades, it has been an increase in cases of resistance to antifungal agents used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Candida species. The emergence of resistance to drug classes, it is usually explained by genome alterations ranging from point mutations to gain or loss of whole chromosomes. Therefore, identify and understand into the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance of...
Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Quercus L. (Fageceae) from three different sections
October 2016
In this study, the genetic diversity of 6 oak species known as Quercus coccifera L., Q. robur L., Q. infectoria Oliver, Q. cerris L., Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepsis (Kotschy) Hedge and Yalt. and Q. trojana P.B. Webb in 18 populations was screened using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA method (RAPD). 10 RAPD primers giving the best results produced 262 total loci. The highest and lowest band sizes...
Antioxidant assessment on promethazinr HCl decomposition using RP-HPLC assay method
October 2016
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) concentrations under a variety of ICH recommended test conditions. An attempt was made to test the feasibility of increasing shelf life when stored under different conditions. The promethazine hydrochloride (HCL) sample solutions used according to USP 24 and BP 1999 were prepared using different concentration of sodium...
Molecular identification of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (formerly Anopheles gambiae Savannah Form) in Kamuli District, Uganda
September 2016
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles (formerly A. gambiae S molecular form), the largely anthropophilic species, is reportedly the most important malaria vector in Uganda among the A. gambiae complex species. Indoor and outdoor human-biting mosquitoes were caught for four consecutive nights in each of 48 households in Kamuli district using human-baited bed net traps for subsequent identification of the principal...
In vitro methods for mutation induction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
September 2016
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable and staple crop worldwide and mainly propagated vegetatively. Breeding of potato is problematic and therefore induced mutation is an attractive means of improving the crop. In vitro culture systems, and especially the production of micro-tubers, are ideal for such purposes in potato improvement. Radio-sensitivity testing (growth reduction, GR and lethal dose, LD)...
Natural occurrence and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas bacteria on selected plants
September 2016
The bacterial genus Xanthomonas consists of several species of economic importance, among which Xanthomonas campestris pv.musacearum (Xcm), the cause of enset and banana wilt is the most important in tropical Africa. However, the natural occurrence and host range of this species is yet to be clarified. The objectives of this study were to verify the presence of Xanthomonas bacteria on plants growing in and around...
Development of simple kinetic models and parameter estimation for simulation of recombinant human serum albumin production by Pichia pastoris
September 2016
In order to describe and predict the growth and expression of recombinant proteins by using a genetically modified Pichia pastoris, we developed a number of unstructured models based on growth kinetic equation, fed-batch mass balance and the assumptions of constant cell and protein yields. The growth of P. pastoris on both glycerol and methanol could be represented by Monod kinetic equation. A simple simulation...
Improved embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), a potential bioenergy feedstock
September 2016
The objective of this study was to develop an efficient regeneration protocol in big bluestem, a potential feedstock that produces huge biomass. Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of cultivars, Kaw and Earl, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg l-1) alone or in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA)...
A novel sampler for limnological investigation in developing world
September 2016
A simple pump sampler for shallow water bodies, constructed with materials that are affordable and readily available in the local market is presented. It is simple to operate and no electric motor is required. The challenge of cost of acquisition of conventional samplers for sampling the lentic habitat, especially small water bodies such as small natural lakes, rivers, streams and reservoirs for fisheries and water...
Evaluation of the simultaneous effects of a heat stabilized starter concentration and the duration of fermentation on the quality of the opaque sorghum beer
September 2016
This study evaluates the simultaneous effect of dried starter concentration and fermentation duration on the quality characteristics of the African opaque sorghum beer using response surface methodology. The aim was to improve the beer quality and to optimize its fermentation process. Results show that the granule starter concentration and the fermentation duration have significant effects on the dry matter, refractive...
Preliminary investigation into the chemical composition of the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum along the West Coast of Ghana
September 2016
The arrival of the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum in the Western Region of Ghana was first reported in 2009. This impacted negatively on biodiversity, tourism and the livelihoods of the coastal communities. The objectives of the study among others were to identify and determine the nutritional and toxicological contents of the seaweed. Twenty four samples collected from 6 zones along the Western Region were analysed....
Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae hybrids selected for low volatile acidity formation and the production of aromatic Sauvignon blanc wine
September 2016
Wine yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) vary in their ability to develop the full aroma potential of Sauvignon blanc wine due to an inability to release volatile thiols. Subsequently, the use of ‘thiol-releasing’ wine yeasts (TRWY) has increased in popularity. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that some commercially available TRWY intermittently exhibit undesirable characteristics for example, volatile...
Growth, ectomycorrhization and biochemical parameters of Quercus suber L. seedlings under drought conditions
September 2016
Drought conditions are the major constraint to the early establishment of Quercus suber species. However, drought responses of this species depend on provenances. The objective of this study was to obtain more comprehensive knowledge on the influence of drought conditions on the response of Q. suber L. seedlings originating from Algeria. Soil water status in soil (SWC) and relative water content (RWC) in leaves,...
Coating with fungicide and different doses of fertilizer in vinhatico seeds
September 2016
Plathymenia reticulata Benth occurs in open formations of the Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. The seeds are affected by pathogens that reduce germination. The use of fungicides is defined for many species, but, for forest species, further studies are necessary. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the physical and physiological quality of mahogany seeds that are coated with fertilizer and...
Somatic polyploidization and characterization of induced polyploids of Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis
September 2016
Genetic improvement of major food yams is constrained by a number of factors, such as the scarcity of flowers and lack of synchronization between male and female flowering. Consequently, somaclonal variation including somatic polyploidization has been considered as a useful tool in yam breeding. Somatic polyploidization and its effect on phenotypic traits of Dioscorea species such as D. alata, D. japonica and D....
Callus induction, direct and indirect organogenesis of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc)
September 2016
The present study aimed to induce callus, direct and indirect organogenesis of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Shoot tip, in vitro leaf and root segments were used as explants to induce callus by MS medium containing (0.00 as control, 0.5, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 mg/L) of 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid...
Antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticle synthesized by marine actinomycetes in reference with standard antibiotics against hospital acquired infectious pathogens
September 2016
Multi resistance to antibiotics is a serious and disseminated clinical problem, common to several new compounds that block the resistance mechanism. The present study aimed at the comparative study of silver nanoparticles synthesized through actinomycetes and their antimicrobial metabolites with standard antibiotic. Marine actinomycetes collected from Gulf mannar costal region, Kayalpatnam, located at Tuticorin...
Perennial soybean seeds coated with high doses of boron and zinc
September 2016
The objective of this work was to study combinations of high doses of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) in the recoating of perennial soybean seeds, in order to provide these nutrients to the future plants. The physical, physiological and nutritional characteristics of the coated seeds and initial development of plants in a greenhouse were evaluated. Tests carried out in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized...
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Jatropha curcas leaf explants with a fungal chitinase gene
September 2016
Jatropha curcas L. oil has been shown to be suitable for the production of biodiesel. However, this species has not been domesticated yet. Genetic breeding through conventional methods is time consuming and costly, hence, genetic transformation could contribute positively to the improvement of interesting traits. Although in vitro regeneration and stable genetic transformation has been pursued for several years,...
Germination, growth and physiological responses of Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton, Vachellia seyal (Delile) P. Hurter and Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC to salinity stress in greenhouse conditions
September 2016
Salinity is among the most widespread environmental threats to global plant production, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. Thus, the selection of salt tolerant species is necessary for sustainable plant productivity. The purpose of this study was to measure and understand the salt tolerance of three multipurpose trees used in reforestation programs in many Sahelian countries (Senegalia senegal, Syn. Acacia...
Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos and thin cell layers (TCLs) of Brazilian oil palm (Elaeis guineensis × Elaeis oleifera)
September 2016
Oil palm hybrid BRS Manicoré is important for plantations in the north of Brazil, as it is resistant to fatal yellowing and is compact. Seed germination is slow and reduced, so somatic embryogenesis is a promising alternative for its propagation. Two kinds of starting explants were used: Zygotic embryos (ZE) and thin cell layers (TCL) from the base of seedling aerial parts. Two culture medium formulae were...
Genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm from six countries using simple sequence repeats markers
September 2016
This experiment was carried out to determine the genotypic variation among rice (Oryza sativa) accessions using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. In the present study, a total of 12 SSR markers were used across 87 rice accessions from six countries. NTSYS-pc and PowerMarker software were used for data analysis. Six primers out of these 12 primers showed DNA amplification and polymorphism among the 87 rice...
The rolling circle amplification and next generation sequencing approaches reveal genome wide diversity of Kenyan cassava mosaic geminivirus
September 2016
Rolling circle amplification is a simple approach of enriching populations of single-stranded DNA plant begomovirus genomes (genus, Begomovirus; family, Geminiviridae). This is an innovative approach that utilizes the robustness of the bacteriophage phi29 DNA polymerase used in circle amplification, together with deep sequencing using Illumina Miseq and bioinformatics to assess population diversity of begomoviruses in...
Influence of recirculation rate on the performance of a combined anaerobic-aerobic reactor applied to the removal of carbon and nitrogen from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater
September 2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate a combined anaerobic-aerobic upflow fixed-bed reactor with liquid phase recirculation for the removal of nitrogen and organic matter from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The reactor performance was evaluated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 11 h and three different recirculation rates (R=0.5; 1 and 2). The highest nitrogen removal efficiency value was obtained with...
Comparison between Giemsa and Van Geison stains in demonstration of collagen fibers (Kosti-2016)
September 2016
Trichrome stain (such as Van Geison) is usually used in histopathology laboratory for demonstration of collagenic fibers. Lack of selectivity and tendency of stain to fade makes van Gieson not ideal for collagen demonstration. This study was aimed to compare between Giemsa's and van Gieson's stains in collagen fibers demonstration. Twenty biopsies were obtained from rabbit’s skin after anesthesia by...
Ex-vivo evaluation of crab shell chitosan as absorption enhancer in ciprofloxacin tablet formulation
September 2016
This study was aimed at evaluating crab shell chitosan as absorption enhancer in ciprofloxacin tablet formulation using the ex-vivo model. Six batches of ciprofloxacin tablets containing varying concentrations of crab shell-derived chitosan ranging from 0 to 5% w/w at 1% w/w intervals were produced. Batch CTS-0 containing no chitosan served as the control. The crushing strength, friability, disintegration time,...
Optimization of somatic embryogenesis procedure for commercial clones of Theobroma cacao L.
September 2016
The first objective of this study was to assess and optimize somatic embryo production in a genetically diverse range of cacao genotypes. The primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis response of eight promising cacao clones and a positive control was evaluated using modified versions of standard protocols. The second objective was to optimize the efficiency of primary somatic embryogenesis for a commercially...
Physiological responses by Billbergia zebrina (Bromeliaceae) when grown under controlled microenvironmental conditions
September 2016
Sucrose, the most commonly used carbon source in conventional in vitro culture, and limited air exchange in the culture containers are factors that affect the growth of in vitro-cultured plants. They may induce physiological disorders and decrease the survival rate of plants after transfer to ex vitro conditions. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of gas exchange and sucrose concentration on...
Fruit production and quality of guava ‘Paluma’ as a function of humic substances and soil mulching
September 2016
The uses of humic substances and organic residues for soil mulching have been more common during last years. This way, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the fruit quality and yield of guava cv. Paluma as a function of humic substances and organic soil mulching in Brazil. The experiment was performed from January 2012 to June 2013 (first trial) and from July to November 2013 (second trial) using a randomized...
Growth and physiological aspects of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) under saline stress and exogenous application of proline
September 2016
This study aimed to evaluate growth and physiological aspects of ‘All Big’ bell pepper, under saline stress and exogenous application of proline on the leaves. The research was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using sandy-loam eutrophic Regolithic Neosol, in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. The experiment was set in randomized blocks, in order to...
Protective effects of some fruit juices with low-fat diet on rat testis damaged by carbon tetrachloride: A genetic and histological study
September 2016
Oxidative stress, free radical, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant have become a common expression with most disease and methods for protection. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an industrial solvent which has destructive effects on a cell while most fruit juices have antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of fruit juice on testis after toxic effect with CCl4 through oxidative...
Confirmation of antibodies against L-tryptophan-like epitope in human African trypanosomosis serological diagnostic
September 2016
Antibodies directed against L-tryptophan epitope (WE - W for tryptophan, E for epitope), a constant epitope borne by variant surface glycoproteins (VSG), have been detected in sera of all 152 Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) patients from Angola. The WE is present in VSG hydrophobic regions of the C terminal domains. In the assay, L-tryptophan was linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glutaraldehyde to synthesize...
Evaluation of phenolic compounds of two Lygeum spartum L. cytotypes
September 2016
Lygeum spartum represents a natural barrier in the Algerian high plateaus against the advance of sand and the desertification. The plant is of interest due to its tolerance to environmental stress. There are two levels of ploïdy in this species; the diploid cytotype 2n = 16 which is confined in the locality of Ain Benkhllil and the polyploid cytotype 2n = 40 which thrives in semi-arid climates and has a large...
Sodium hypochlorite sterilization of culture medium in micropropagation of Gerbera hybrida cv. Essandre
September 2016
Micropropagation requires controlling contamination that might compromise the success of the process. Thermal sterilization is traditionally used; however, costs deriving from equipment acquisition and maintenance render this technique costly. With the purpose of finding an alternative to thermal sterilization, this research aimed at assessing the efficiency and ideal concentration of sodium hypochlorite for...
Pharmacological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)
August 2016
Anacardium occidentale L. is a tree native to Brazil, which is rich in phenolic lipids. Nowadays, the cashew bark (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) has received great attention in the pharmaceutical industry, due to its economy, abundance and important chemical compounds. Net of cashew nut shell is classified according to the method of production of: (1) net of the shell of natural cashew nut (60-65% anacardic acid; 15-20%...
Aflatoxins: A silent threat in developing countries
August 2016
Several mycotoxins are known to contaminate crop produce and processed forms but aflatoxins are the most common. They are mainly produced by fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Cereals and their products which constitute the staples in most developing countries are particularly vulnerable to attack by aflatoxigenic fungi. Despite the potential health risk posed to animals and humans, many people...
Phylogenetic analysis of 23S rRNA gene sequences of some Rhizobium leguminosarum isolates and their tolerance to drought
August 2016
The phylogenetic relationships among thirteen Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae isolates collected from various geographical regions were studied by analysis of the 23S rRNA sequences. The average of genetic distance among the studied isolates was very narrow (ranged from 0.00 to 0.04) and the studied isolates formed two main groups based on cluster analysis. The isolates were tested for their growth on YMA...
Resistance of corn genotypes to fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
August 2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate resistance mechanisms in 12 corn genotypes (transgenic hybrids: 30A91 PW, 20A78 HX, Impacto VIP 3, 20A55 HX, NS90 PRO 2, Maximus VIP 3, BX 1293YG, RB 9004 PRO, Feroz VIP 3, LG 6036 PRO; conventional: AG 1051 and variety: AL Bandeitante). Attractiveness, aversion to feeding, and antibiosis were evaluated via free and no choice tests in the laboratory. Attractiveness was...
Genetic diversity assessment of farmers’ and improved potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars from Eritrea using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
August 2016
Sixty three potato clones (51 farmers’ and 12 varieties) from Eritrea, 18 and 12 varieties from Kenya and Rwanda, respectively were characterized using 12 highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The study was designed to assess the genetic diversity and varietal distinctness among the different samples. In total, 91 alleles ranging between 2 (STM1053) to 13 (STM0031) alleles per marker were...
Efficiency and response of conilon coffee genotypes to nitrogen supply
August 2016
The objective of the study was to differentiate genotypes with higher efficiency and responsiveness to nitrogen supply, to understand how the nitrogen supply can impact the dry matter allocation and the accumulation of this nutrient in the different plant compartments of genotypes of conilon coffee, cultivated under contrasting conditions of nitrogen availability in the soil. The plants were cultivated during 150 days...
Phosphate solubilization and multiple plant growth promoting properties of rhizobacteria isolated from chickpea (Cicer aeritinum L.) producing areas of Ethiopia
August 2016
Chickpea is one of the major legume crops widely grown in Ethiopia. The low availability of phosphorus in soil is among the stresses that constrain the production of this crop in the country. However, there are rhizobacteria capable of solubilizing insoluble forms of phosphorus in soil and make it available to the plant. Thus, this study was aimed at isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from...
Effect of packaging and chemical treatment on storage life and physicochemical attributes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Roma)
August 2016
Fresh fruits and vegetables are inherently more liable to deterioration under tropical conditions characterized by high ambient temperatures and humidity. In determining the effects of chemical treatment on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Roma), fruits purchased at turning stage of ripening were packaged in low density polyethylene bags (60 µ) containing wooden dust particles moistened with 400 ppm...
Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to inoculation with native and exotic Mesorhizobium strains in Southern Ethiopia
August 2016
A series of pot and two consecutive crop-year field experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2012 in Southern Ethiopia to determine the effectiveness of Mesorhizobium strains on two cultivars of chickpea (Shasho and Nattoli). The eight treatments included: Six rhizobial inoculants, the four best indigenous strains (Cp8, Cp41, Cp97 and Cp105); CpNSTC (National Soils Testing Center inoculant); and CpSK (Canadian...
Evaluation methods used for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
August 2016
Phosphorus solubilizers naturally acidify rhizospheric soil and increase phosphorus availability; therefore, their evaluation may help to reduce phosphorus fertilizer use. This work aimed to evaluate the different selection methods and select inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria as potential plant-growth promoters. Bacterial isolates obtained from sugarcane roots and soil were tested using solid growth media...
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