July 2016
Bioethanol production from cassava peels using different microbial inoculants
The potential of bioethanol production using different microbial inoculants for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cassava peels from three cassava cultivars was investigated. Peels obtained from three cassava cultivars namely TME 0505, TME 419 and TME 4779, were washed, dried in a laboratory air oven dryer at 120°C for 3 h, ground into a fine texture and sieved with 1.5 µ nylon sieve. The...
July 2016
Evaluation of ethanol production from pito mash using Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
This study investigated the potential of pito mash (waste from sorghum brewing) as alternative and cost-effective feedstock for bioethanol production by means of fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from freshly tapped palm wine. Fermentation parameters such as pH, temperature and incubation period were studied. The fermentation microbes, Z. mobilis and S. cerevisiae were identified...
July 2016
Bioethanol production from date palm fruit waste fermentation using solar energy
Every year, more than 236,807 tons, equivalent to 30% of date-palm fruits produced in Algeria, is lost during picking, storage, and commercialization processes. Gasification of this huge biomass can generate biogas such as bioethanol, biodiesel, gasoline and other useful substances. Bioethanol is becoming the main biofuel produced by chemical synthesis or anaerobic fermentation from biomass and is significant for...
July 2016
Modulation of biochemical stress initiated by toxicants in diet prepared with fish smoked with polyethylene (plastic) materials as fuel source
This study investigated the oxidative modulation potentials of diets supplemented with Solanum lycopersicum and Allium cepa against biochemical changes initiated in rats fed diet prepared with fish smoked with polyethylene material (FSP) and fish smoked with firewood (FSF). Thirty male Wistar albino rats were randomly grouped into six with five rats in each group. The biochemical parameters analyzed indicated...
July 2016
Genetic variation within and between three Vietnamese pine populations (Pinus merkusii) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers
Pinus merkusii is an important species in Vietnam with many economic and biological contributions. The information on diversity within and between populations of a species is necessary for plantation programs, breeding and conservation strategies. Genetic diversity of three Vietnamese populations (NA, QB and QN) was analyzed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Nine RAPD primers produced 82...
July 2016
Effect of carbohydrate source on the in vitro germination of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. zygotic embryos on two basal media
In this study, seven carbohydrates, namely, glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose and starch were screened for the most suitable carbon source for the in vitro culture of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. tenera) zygotic embryos on the basal media of Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) and Eeuwen (Y3) (1976). The embryos were excised aseptically and cultured on both media containing the different...
July 2016
Establishment of in vitro callus in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varieties influenced by different auxins
Sugarcane is an important perennial, polyploidy crop. Based on the growing demand, it has now attracted great attention as cash crop. Tissue culture technique, an alternative method for solving production problem and increasing production, was used in this study. The work was carried out at the Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan. Standardization of protocol for proliferation of callus and...
July 2016
Optimizing the size of root cutting in Melia volkensii Gürke for improving clonal propagation and production of quality planting stock
Melia volkensii is a tree species growing in semi-arid regions of East Africa, and is recognized as one of the most valuable forestry species in such regions of Kenya. The use of root cutting is an easy method for its clonal propagation, but the most appropriate conditions have not been systematically examined. In this study, the relationship between diameter of root cut edge or fresh weight and formation frequency of...
July 2016
Lipids of Amazon Caimans: A source of fatty acids
Some species of fish and other aquatic organism are important sources of protein and fatty acids that are beneficial to human health and can be industrially processed. The fatty acid profile of Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger (native to the Brazilian Amazon flooded forest) was determined in samples of a commercial cut (tail fillet) and fat (fat body and somatic fat) of these two species. There were no...
July 2016
Osmotic stress upregulates the transcription of thiamine (vitamin B1) biosynthesis genes (THIC and THI4) in oil palm (Elaies guineensis)
Thiamine or vitamin B1 comprises a pyrimidine moiety and a thiazole moiety. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of thiamine, acts as a cofactor for various major enzymes, for example, transketolase (TK), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). It is suggested that TPP plays another important role, which is protecting plants against abiotic and biotic stresses such as...
July 2016
Identification and analysis of cassava genotype TME3 bacteria artificial chromosome libraries for characterization of the cassava mosaic disease
Cassava is an economically important crop in sub-Saharan Africa; however, its yield potential is constrained by cassava mosaic disease (CMD) infection. Classical genetics and biotechnology are being harnessed to overcome the disease and secure yields for farmers. The CMD2 resistance locus flanked by three simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and one sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker were mapped in...
July 2016
Plant latex lipase as biocatalysts for biodiesel production
Industrial-scale processes currently developed make use of chemical catalysis processes that are highly efficient but require very complex product purification steps. Enzymatic catalysis through plant lipases as biocatalysts is an alternative which, in contrast to chemical catalysis processes, appeared simple to perform, and can be done at low investment cost. Although microbial lipases have been extensively studied,...
July 2016
Micropropagation of Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Poaceae) using a temporary immersion system RITA®
The micropropagation of Guadua angustifolia Kunth, commonly known as giant bamboo, using semi-solid culture medium, is reported to have low multiplication rates. This study evaluated the multiplication index of G. angustifolia in a temporary immersion system (RITA®), comparing results with those obtained using a semi-solid culture medium. The treatments consisted of either three or four 2-min immersions per day and...
July 2016
Characterization of α-amylase produced by the endophytic strain of Penicillium digitatum in solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF)
α-Amylases are enzymes responsible for breaking the α-1,4 bond in polysaccharides with three or more glucose units, occupying the second place in the most widely employed enzymes in industry in the world. The objective of this study was to compare the yields of α-amylase produced by the endophytic fungus, Penicillium digitatum, strain D1-FB, isolated from Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae),...
July 2016
Development of bio-hybrid material based on Salmonella Typhimurium and layered double hydroxides
The immobilization of a whole microbial cell is an important process used in nanotechnology of biosensors and other related fields, especially the development of bio-hybrid materials based on live organisms and inorganic compounds. Here, we described an essay to develop a bio-hybrid material based on Salmonella Typhimurium cells and layered double hydroxides (LDH). The synthetic clays have a good capacity to be a host...
July 2016
Optimization of biomass production of Acetobacter pasteurianus KU710511 as a potential starter for fruit vinegar production
The objective of the present work was first the isolation of novel acetic acid bacteria strains from natural Moroccan habitats, and then, the evaluation of their ability to produce microbial starters for vinegar production on a large scale. The strains were isolated from figs, dates, cactus, and traditional fruit vinegars. Four strains, selected from a total of 63 isolates, were confirmed as belonging to Acetobacter...
July 2016
Effect of pond depth and lining plastic color on growth and nitrogen fixing capacity of the cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. E3
Cyanobacteria are a cheap source of nitrogen and quite suitable for farmers of developing countries. Although, they live in a diverse range of environments, different environmental variables influence their nitrogen fixing ability. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of pond depth and lining plastic colors on nitrogen fixing capacity of Anabaena species strain E3. Factorial combinations of four pond lining plastic...
July 2016
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Beneficial effects for healthy and sustainable agriculture
It is unanimously admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. One of the promising solutions to substitute these agrochemicals products is the use of bio-resources, including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The PGPR focused more and more scientific attention in recent decades. These rhizospheric bacteria colonize...
July 2016
Whole genome homology-based identification of candidate genes for drought tolerance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops. It is mainly grown in arid and semi-arid regions with occurrence of unpredictable drought which is one of the major constraints of its production. However, the lack of gene resources associated with drought tolerance hinders sesame genetic improvement towards this osmotic stress. The present research aimed at identifying candidate genes associated...
July 2016
Effect of substrate on the growth, nutritional and bioactive components of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida
Mushrooms are increasingly being recognized as important food products for their significant role in human health, nutrition and disease. This study was carried out with the aim of comparing the effect of substrate on growth, determining nutritional and bioactive components of two oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus florida. A completely randomized block design with two treatments replicated three times...
June 2016
Ameliorative effect of Lentinus squarrosulus mycomeat against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection using albino rat as animal model
The increasing awareness of inherent therapeutic and prophylactic benefits of some higher fungi and their products has been the recent trend for improving a healthy vigour. Mycomeat is a mushroom derived ‘meat-like’ product produced using solid state fermentation technique. Previous research in this group revealed mycomeat as a potentially useful neutraceutical. This study seeks to explore the potential of...
June 2016
Efficacy of chitosan supported organic acaricide extract from Melia azedarach leaves on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks
The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplustick control is mainly performed by chemicals products, but organic acaricides use has higher advantages compared to conventional products. Brazilian cerrado native plants are known for their bioactive potential. Due to this fact, the objective of this study is to evaluate the acaricide action of native cerrado specie, Meliaazedarach, known as Santa Barbara in the tick control....
June 2016
Optimization of alkaline protease production by Streptomyces sp. strain isolated from saltpan environment
Proteolytic activity of a Streptomyces sp. strain isolated from Ezzemoul saltpans (Algeria) was studied on agar milk at three concentrations. The phenotypic and phylogenetic studies of this strain show that it represents probably new specie. The fermentation is carried out on two different media, prepared at three pH values. The results showed the presence of an alkaline protease with optimal pH and temperature of 8 and...
June 2016
Recovery of silver from used X-ray film using alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis sub sp. subtilis
Silver is an important industrial metal used in several areas such as photographic and x-ray films, jewelries, silver wares and electronic objects. Silver is used for photographic film/x-ray film because of its matchless quality as a light-sensitive material for making a photographic image. Silver is not destroyed in the photographic process and it can be reused and recovered. Results have proven that, bacterial...
June 2016
Flow cytometry approach for studying the interaction between Bacillus mojavensis and Alternaria alternata
Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum is one of the most important vegetable crops consumed in Algeria. Tomato crops are often infected by Alternaria alternata, which causes early blight disease. Chemical pesticides are intensively used to protect this plant, which lead to environmental pollution that might endanger animal and human health. The main objective of this study is to select potential biocontrol agents from arid soil...
June 2016
Electrospun fibers for wound healing and treatment of hyperglycemia: A review
The use of electrospun fibers in diabetic wound healing assays represents an extremely important topic for investigation. Electrospun fibers have been applied in the immobilization of drugs, allowing sustained and controlled release of active materials. This review aimed to summarize the state-of-art in the application of electrospun fibers on diabetes, hyperglycemic and diabetic ulcers treatment. Regarding the diabetes...
June 2016
Predominance of N-acetyl transferase 2 slow acetylator alleles in children less than ten years experiencing adverse treatment events following artemisinin-based combination therapy in North and South West Regions of Cameroon
The human N-acetyltransferase II (NAT2) gene may vary between individuals resulting in variability in the incidence of adverse drug reactions. We set out in this adhoc analysis to determine the distribution of allele frequencies of NAT2 gene variants among children less than ten years treated with artemisinin-based combinations in Cameroon. Children with uncomplicated malaria were deparasitized with artemisinin based...
June 2016
Micropropagation of Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos from seedling explants
Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae), a tropical forest tree, is a source of wood suitable for the manufacture of fine furniture and chemical compounds with medicinal and insecticidal properties. Poor seed viability of this species limits the conventional propagation practice. In vitro germination of seeds was achieved in semi-solid Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium. A disinfection protocol was...
June 2016
A endophytic fungus, Ramichloridium cerophilum, promotes growth of a non-mycorrhizal plant, Chinese cabbage
A fungal endophyte, Ramichloridium cerophilum, was identified as a Class 2 endophytes species obtained from the leaf of common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L). This fungus was found to grow endophylically in the roots of Chinese cabbage seedlings. Light microscopy of cross-sections of colonized Chinese cabbage roots showed that the fungus penetrates through the outer epidermal cells, grows further into the inner...
June 2016
Genetic diversity in two populations of Limicolaria aurora (Jay, 1839) from two ecological zones in Nigeria
Limicolaria aurora belongs to the group of land snails commonly called garden snails. This study seeks to use shell morphology and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) to examine gross morphological differences in populations of L. aurora from New Bussa (guinea savannah) and Benin City (tropical rain forest) in Nigeria and possibly delimit the populations into sub species. A total of one...
June 2016
Genetic polymorphism of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR-1B) gene and its association with litter size in Indonesian fat-tailed sheep
The Indonesian fat-tailed sheep (IFTS) is a local sheep that has been long time raised and well adapted to the extreme environments of Lombok Island. The present study was conducted to determine the polymorphism of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR-1B) gene and its association with litter size in the IFTS breed by employing forced polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)...
June 2016
Does the transgenic Cry1Ac toxin adversely affect the population dynamics of floral-visiting insects in soybean crop?
One of the strategies of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)-soybean is the use of genetically modified plants. However, there are concerns about the unknown effects associated with this technology on non-target organisms. The objective of this study was to determine the population dynamics of species of floral-visiting insects in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non-Bt soybean. In the experiment, two soybean treatments...
June 2016
Morpho-phenological diversity among natural populations of Medicago polymorpha of different Tunisian ecological areas
Medicago polymorpha is a herbaceous legume that can be a useful pasture plant, in particular, in regions with a Mediterranean climate. The genetic variation in 120 lines of M. polymorpha sampled from five regions in Tunisia was characterized on the basis of 16 morpho-phenological characters. Results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that differences among populations and lines existed for all traits, with...
June 2016
Morph-physiological responses to water deficit in parental genotypes of Medicago truncatula recombinant inbred lines
Medicago truncatula is an omni-Mediterranean species grown as an annual forage legume. In addition to its small genome size and simple genetics, M. truncatula harbors several attributes which make it an attractive model legume. In this study, we investigated morphological and photosynthetic responses to water deficit in parental genotypes of M. truncatula recombinant inbred lines. Ten parental lines were...
June 2016
Drought tolerance in transgenic tropical maize (Zea mays L.) by heterologous expression of peroxiredoxin2 gene-XvPrx2
Transformation of a tropical maize inbred genotype (CML144) with the Xerophyta viscosa peroxiredoxin2 (XvPrx2) gene was reported. The protective role of peroxiredoxin2 against the damage resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) under dehydration stress was further determined. Successful integration of XvPrx2 gene into maize we achieved and recovered 10 independent transgenic events. Transformation and regeneration...
June 2016
Genetic diversity of stay-green sorghums and their derivatives revealed by microsatellites
The genetic variability of 28 sorghum genotypes of known senescence phenotype was investigated using 66 SSR markers well-distributed across the sorghum genome. The genotypes of a number of lines from breeding programmes for stay-green were also determined. This included lines selected phenotypically for stay-green and also RSG 03123, a marker-assisted backcross progeny of R16 (recurrent parent) and B35 (stay-green...
June 2016
Sapucaia nuts (Lecythis pisonis) modulate the hepatic inflammatory and antioxidant metabolism activity in rats fed high-fat diets
Lecythis pisonis Cambess is commonly known as “sapucaia” nut. Previous studies show that it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and in antioxidant minerals. The aim of the present study was to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflamatory effects of this nut after its introduction into a control (AIN-93G) or high-fat diet in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: a control diet, the same...
June 2016
Application of biotechnology for the domestication of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam in Cameroon: A review
Cultivation of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam commonly known as safou to improve the livelihood of the local population has been growing rapidly in the range of occurrence of safou and recent emergence of the market chain introduced by the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) experts has stimulated this further. Domestication through conventional genetic improvement (breeding) of safou has relied on phenotype...
June 2016
Growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed with different dietary levels of processed cassava leaves
The growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fed with different dietary levels of processed cassava leaves and their nutrient utilized were studied for a period of 24 weeks. One hundred and forty four experimental Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with 0.75±0.20 g mean weight and 3.9±0.31 cm mean total length were collected from Aqua-fish Consult, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Eighteen rectangular plastic tanks...
June 2016
Influence of aluminum on root growth and of anatomy Stenocalyx dysentericus (DC.) O. Berg
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aluminum (Al) on root growth and root anatomical structure of Stenocalyx dysentericus seedlings. Newly emerged plants were grown in simple solution composed of 0.1 µM of CaCl2.2H2O and five Al concentrations of 0, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 μM for 37 days in a hydroponic system. Subsequently, the seedlings were evaluated for root growth, relative root elongation, and...
June 2016
Physicochemical analysis of cellulose from microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana
Nannochloropsis gaditana is a microalgae belonging to the class of Eustigmatophyceae. This particular microalga is the most studied species. For its richness in lipids, it is used for the biodiesel production. The aim of this work is to advance another important metabolite which is cellulose. This represents 25% of the dry weight of the N. gaditana. A low concentration of NaOH (2%) and sodium hypochlorite (6%) allowed...
June 2016
Effect of different microencapsulation materials on stability of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 20174
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different microencapsulation materials on the stability of probiotic bacterium (Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 20174). Microencapsulation methods with alginates were carried out using sodium chloride, canola oil, olive oil, and chitosan. The recorded data showed that the encapsulated probiotic bacterium was more stable compared with free cells. Olive oil capsules...
June 2016
Potential biosurfactant producing endophytic and epiphytic fungi, isolated from macrophytes in the Negro River in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
Endophytic and epiphytic fungi isolated from Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Cyperus ligularis L., macrophytes collected from oil-contaminated waters, were studied to assess their potential for producing biosurfactants; the most promising ones were identified by means of the rDNA region sequencing. In the selection, in the hydrocarbonate biodegradation activity, 2.6-indophenol (DCPIP) in oil-added Bushnell-Haas...
June 2016
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) prevalence and exposure factors associated with seropositivity of cattle in north-central, Nigeria
This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) seropositivity in north central, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was undertaken from February 2013 to April 2014 using 1206 sera from 150 herds collected by multi-stage and random sampling methods. Pre-tested questionnaire were also administered to participating farmers to collect information on the...
June 2016
GhNAC18, a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) NAC gene, is involved in leaf senescence and diverse stress responses
GhNAC18 is a novel NAC gene that was isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The full-length cDNA was 1511 bp including an open reading frame of 1260 bp in length and encodes a protein of 419 amino acids. With qRT-PCR analysis, GhNAC18 was downregulated during natural and dark-induced senescence, implicating this gene as anti-aging gene in cotton. Analysis of its promoter revealed a group of putative cis-acting...
June 2016
Fatty acids and amino acids contents in Scomber scombrus fillets from the South East of Tunisia
Proximate composition, fats and amino acids of Atlantic Mackerel fillets (Scomber scombrus) from the South East of Tunisia in different seasons, were analyzed in order to assess nutritive characteristics of this species. Samples were collected monthly from Zarzis fishing port located in the South-East of Tunisia. Total fats and protein contents varied significantly (P<0.05) according to the season. The highest values...
June 2016
Biochemical and hematological profile of different breeds of goat maintained under intensive production system
The aim of the study was to monitor the health and nutritional status of Kuwaiti’s Aradi and exotic Damascus and Barbari goat breeds raised under an intensive system of production through the determination of biochemical parameters and hematology profiles. The study was conducted during the summer season and blood samples were collected from lactating does and Damascus bucks. According to the findings of the...
June 2016
Chitosan from shrimp shell (Crangon crangon) and fish scales (Labeorohita): Extraction and characterization
Chitosan is a naturally available biopolymer. It has been prepared by alkaline N-deacetylation process of shrimp (Crangon crangon) chitin and fish (Labeorohita) chitin. The physico-chemical properties such as the degree of deacetylation (DD), solubility, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity and chitosan yield have indicated that shrimp shell and fish scale waste are good sources of chitosan. The deacetylation...
June 2016
In vitro regeneration of a common medicinal plant, Ocimum sanctum L. for mass propagation
Embracing micro-propagation method for large scale production of plantlets and also for protection of appropriate germplasm is a prerequisite that needs to be undertaken in order to develop a rapid in vitro regeneration protocol for Ocimum sanctum L. Shoot tips as well as nodal segments were subjected to numerous shoots inducement. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog Basal Medium (MS) supplemented for...
June 2016
An improved plating assay for determination of phage titer
Phage is a virus that is parasitic on bacteria. It is very important to determine the titer of test sample in the study of phage. In this study, an improved plating assay was developed for detection of the number of recombinant phage Cap-T7 present in a test solution at a certain dilution point by counting the plaque forming units. The data demonstrated that the improved plating assay is fast, useful, and convenient for...
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