Knowledge, attitude to hypertension and lifestyle habits of rural dwellers in Owerre-Nkwoji, Imo State Nigeria
January 2014
Hypertension accounts for 13% of global mortality, with 25% prevalence in Nigeria. Current trends in management is lifestyle modification. Information on lifestyle habits is needed for effective intervention programe. A study was done among rural dwellers between ages 20 and 75 in Owerre- Nkwoji, Imo State, to determine their knowledge, attitude to hypertension and lifestyle habits. Information gathered would be used to...
Prevalence of japanese encephalitis and its modulation by weather variables
January 2014
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major public health problem in India. To study the influence of climatic factors on JE, cases and the transmitting mosquito species were analysed during 2001 to 2006. To know the status of Japanese encephalitis virus activity in human population, sero-epidemiological studies were undertaken in villages of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Similarly, mosquitoes were sampled from...
Women in child-bearing age who are not currently pregnant are missed opportunities for malaria control in pregnancy: Evidence from 16 Local Government Areas of Nigeria
January 2014
The health of women is not only linked to reproductive issues but also to efforts in health promotion, improved nutritional status and general well being of girls and adolescents from infancy to adulthood. The aim was to evaluate the use and non-use of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) among women in child-bearing age in Nigeria. This survey employed cross-sectional survey to collect data from households on coverage...
Association between O blood group and Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
December 2013
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with several diseases including gastritis, gastric ulcer, pancreatic cancer and iron deficiency anemia. Different epidemiological studies reported controversial findings on the association between O blood group and H. pylori infection. This meta-analysis was conducted to verify the association between H. pylori infection and O blood group. Random-effects model was...
Assessment of rain water harvesting systems in a rural community of Edo State, Nigeria
December 2013
The study assessed the practice of rain water harvesting (RWH) in a rural community in Edo state, Nigeria. Using a cross sectional study design, pre-tested structured interviewer administered questionnaire were administered to 232 selected and consenting households. A structured observational checklist was used for assessment of household rainwater harvesting system. Water was collected from 15% of houses and tested for...
Predictors of pneumococcal immunization uptake among caregivers of children with sickle cell disease in Lagos, Nigeria
December 2013
Pulmonary infections are still the most prevalent cause of death of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in low and middle income countries. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been reported to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease by up to 90% in children under five. This study set out to report the proportion of children under five attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) and Massey Street...
The effect of maternal body mass index on the delivery route in nulliparous women
December 2013
Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to categorize the degree of obesity and to guide recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy, to examine the relationship between the maternal body mass index of nulliparous women and the route of delivery in a sample of Iranian Kurdish women, a cross sectional descriptive study was conducted, at Beasat Hospital in Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan province, west of Iran. The...
New normal in violence: Perspectives on US Gulf Region (New Orleans) post-disaster recovery
December 2013
Violence is a public health risk and important concern for stakeholders in disaster-vulnerable Gulf region of the United States. Disaster-prone communities like New Orleans have recorded a higher rate of violence (violent and property crime) and this experience is potentially becoming a ‘new normal’ for the residents and the community as a whole. The concept of new normal in individual and community...
Shifting from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases: A double burden of diseases in Bangladesh
November 2013
Double burden diseases are a serious global problem, which is currently affecting many low and middle income countries, including Bangladesh. However, proper understanding of the need for a joint intervention against both infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCD) has arisen only recently. Excessive intake of calories and poor health hygiene is one of the main common factors behind those conditions and risk...
Experience of HIV-related stigma by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), based on gender: A case of PLWHA attending clinic in the Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Imo states, Nigeria
November 2013
Stigma is a discrediting social label that changes the way an individual looks at himself and disqualifies him from full social acceptance. Related researches show that HIV-related stigma is universal, but the stigma experiences vary from person to person. This paper indentified four forms of stigma experience (internalized stigma, disclosure stigma, public attitude stigma and negative self image stigma); and measured...
Cryptosporidiosis among children in some rural parts of Imo state, Nigeria
November 2013
The public health importance of cryptosporidiosis has not been widely reported among rural children in Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children was assessed in some rural parts of Imo State, Nigeria between November 2006 and October 2007 using standard parasitological techniques. Stool specimens from consenting subjects accessing primary health care facilities in the area were...
Determinants of long lasting insecticidal nets distribution, ownership and use in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria – implications for malaria programmes
November 2013
A community-based household survey was conducted to investigate the ownership and utilization of malaria control commodities in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria, using a multifaceted four-phase operational research. The main objectives were to investigate access to and utilization of health services in the capital of the country, to evaluate Insecticide-treated nets (ITN)/long lasting insecticidal...
Epidemiology of Candida vaginitis in women of reproductive age in selected hospitals in Onitsha metropolis, Anambra state, Nigeria and its environs 2007-2012
November 2013
The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution ofCandida vaginitis in women of reproductive age in Onitsha metropolis and its environs. A retrospective (survey) study of 811 high vaginal swabs (HVS) recorded samples and results of patients with symptomatic C. vaginitis were done between 2007 and 2012. The study also attempted to ascertain if relationships existed between...
Missed opportunities in the diagnosis and management of protein energy malnutrition among children under 5 years in Wakiso district, Uganda
November 2013
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the leading causes of death among children below 5 years in Uganda. It develops after acute childhood illnesses despite children having received treatment from health facilities. This study assessed knowledge and practices of health workers in the diagnosis and management of PEM, which was used to establish missed opportunities to prevent severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in its...
The buruli ulcer morbidity in the amansie West District of Ghana: A myth or a reality?
October 2013
Although there is a lot of literature on the possible causes of Buruli ulcer (BU), no one is sure where the bacterium lives in the environment. It is also a mystery how the mycobacterium enters the human body, although it is clear the bacterium is unable to do so by itself. There is therefore a lot of myth about the disease epidemiology. This research has shown that the myth surrounding the cause of the disease and the...
Prevalence and barriers to the use of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic at Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria
October 2013
Malaria is endemic and a major public health problem in Nigeria. In most malaria endemic areas, pregnant women are the main adult group at risk for the severe form of the disease.In the absence of effective vaccine for malaria prevention and development of unacceptable levels of resistance to one drug after another by the malaria parasite, prevention of mosquitoes bite through use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs)...
Prevalence of motorcycle helmet use in Sri Lanka: An observational study
October 2013
In Sri Lanka, helmet use is mandatory by law. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of motorcycle helmet use in Sri Lanka. An observational study was conducted in four locations: two locations entering and leaving the city of Kandy, a rural area in the Kandy district, and the high way (A1) leading to Colombo from Kandy. All the motorcyclists that passed the observation locations were observed. Of all the...
Loss of the meca gene during storage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Northwestern Nigeria
October 2013
Preservation of strains in a microbiology laboratory is of great importance for quality control, teaching, and research. Freezing is a very common method of preservation and storage of microorganisms. The evaluation of new diagnostic or in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) requires well-defined strain collections. The...
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni from food and its epidemiology
September 2013
Food borne campylobacteriosis is distributed all over the world. Large outbreaks have been associated with consuming raw or inadequately pasteurized milk and contaminated water.Campylobacter jejuni is not an environmental organism rather zoonotic organism. It habituates intestinal tract of a wide range of warm blooded animals. The principal route by which C. jejuni contaminates the food is through...
Impact of double fortified salt on iron and iodine deficient school children (6 to 12 years) of rural Vadodara
September 2013
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a widespread health problem in developing countries. Double fortified salt (DFS) has been developed to combat two micronutrient deficiencies (iron and iodine) simultaneously; because, in many instances, these deficiencies co-exist. Iron component of the DFS helps to improve the hemoglobin (Hb) level. There is a simultaneous improvement in thyroperoxidase (TPO) activity and iodinated...
Risk factors of diarrhoea in the Mahmood Raghi district of Kapisa province Afghanistan-2010
September 2013
Surveillance data claimed the presence of a diarrhoea outbreak after a flash flood swept off some villages of Mahmood Raqi district in Kapisa province. The water sources were treated with chlorine to stop the outbreak, but still no significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhoeal cases was observed. A case control study was conducted to find the risk factors of diarrhoea in the affected villages, of which...
Serum lipid profile and hepatic dysfunction in moderate Plasmodium falciparum infection
September 2013
Plasmodium falciparum is one of four distinct species of the malaria parasite that afflicthumans and pose a threat to public health. The present study seeks to ascertain the serum lipid profile and associated hepatic dysfunction of male subjects with moderate P. falciparum infection. The patients were adults (n = 11) of 21 to 31 years old and adolescent (n = 10) of 11 to 20 years old....
A tool for quality improvement of field epidemiology training programs: Experience with a new scorecard approach
September 2013
Field epidemiology training programs (FETP) are capacity building programs that provide applied epidemiology training to public health professionals for national public health systems, emphasizing evidence-based problem solving. FETP’s have been in existence for over 30 years and there are currently 55 programs covering 82 countries. We describe the use of a new tool that assists programs in the assessment of FETP...
Level of awareness and use of insecticide treated bed nets among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria
September 2013
This was a cross sectional study designed to assess the level of awareness, ownership and use of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) by pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Anambra state, South Eastern Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was self administered to 700 volunteer pregnant women aged 17 to 45 years recruited during routine antenatal care in selected hospitals in the study area to capture information...
Race and ethnicity of mothers with Spanish surnames
September 2013
The objective of this study was to assess how hospital designation of race/ethnicity based on Spanish surnames of mothers correlated with the self-report, and explores how these mothers identified their own race/ethnicity using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) categories. 235 mothers were enrolled prospectively and asked to report their race/ethnicity. Positive predictive value (PPV) of using surnames as a tool...
Modeling the combined effects of careless susceptible and infective immigrants on the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS epidemics
September 2013
In this paper, a non-linear mathematical model was proposed to study the combined effect of irresponsible infectives and irresponsible susceptible immigrants on the spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in a variable size population. The paper discussed biological feasibility of the model and also presents the basic reproductive number of the model. Also, the equilibrium...
Anthropometric parameters of malnutrition in children 5-15 years old in Khartoum State, Sudan
August 2013
A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements to assess chronic malnutrition (stunting) and acute malnutrition (wasting) for 570 children at 60 to 180 months age, including 294 girls and 276 boys at Dar EL Salam, Khartoum State, Sudan. The prevalence of malnutrition was calculated using World Health Organization (WHO)...
Dengue fever in a border state between Sudan and Republic of South Sudan: Epidemiological perspectives
August 2013
Dengue fever is a vector-borne disease; it is transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of IgG antibodies in a border oil rich state between Sudan and the new republic of South Sudan, estimated the prevalence of dengue IgG antibodies in Lagawa locality populations age 15 to 60 years in 2012 and described the most affected groups within the locality. This is...
Long lasting insecticidal nets use, efficacy and physical integrity in a vector resistance area after a nationwide campaign in southern Benin, West Africa
August 2013
Although effective malaria control measures such as long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been promoted, relatively little is known about their coverage dimension. However, usage varies among households, and such variation may seriously limit the potential impact of nets. Moreover, the efficacy of these measures against Anopheles gambiae in some departments is unknown. The objective of this study was to...
Improving food safety in Asia through increased capacity in ecohealth
August 2013
Interest has increased considerably in the last five years in transdisciplinary approaches to addressing the precipitating factors of emerging infectious and zoonotic diseases. During this time, several One Health and ecohealth initiatives have begun in Asia. This paper reports on recommendations coming out of one such initiative (the Building Ecohealth Capacity in Asia project) and outlines a strategy for promoting an...
The effect of metformin on the lipid profile of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
August 2013
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies affecting 4 to 7% of women in the reproductive age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of metformin on the lipid profile of women with PCOS. This randomized controlled study was conducted in public and private obstetrics clinics in Sanandaj city, Northwest Iran. One hundred women with polycystic ovarian syndrome...
The effect of maternal body mass index on the delivery route in nulliparous women
August 2013
Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to categorize the degree of obesity and to guide recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy. To examine the relationship between the maternal body mass index of nulliparous women and the route of delivery in a sample of Iranian Kurdish women, a cross sectional descriptive study was conducted, at Beasat Hospital in Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan province, West of Iran. The...
Tobacco smoking and awareness of smoking-cessation products in a university community
August 2013
Cigarette smoking is one of the most significant preventable causes of death and illness in the world. The present study investigated tobacco smoking among patrons of joints in Amassoma, the host community of Niger Delta University. Participants’ awareness of various smoking-cessation products was also explored. Participants in the cross-sectional survey were 261 patrons of “Joints” or pubs in...
Community knowledge perceptions and practices regarding malaria prevention and physical environment aspect: A prelude to indoor residual spraying (IRS) implementation in Atacora region, Benin
July 2013
The implementation of a vector control strategy needs to be adapted to both socioculturaland environmental contexts. The determination of National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) to fight effectively against malaria resulted in their decision to implement indoor residual spraying (IRS) in the department of Atacora in the Northwest of...
Microbiology of otitis media among children attending a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria
July 2013
Otitis media has a worldwide prevalence. Though it is more common in children, the aetiologies and antibiogram varies with age, time and geographical location. A total of 220 children less than 18 years with signs and symptoms of otitis media were recruited for this study. Middle ear discharge were collected, processed and microbial isolates identified using standard microbiological techniques. Disc susceptibility tests...
Population screening for chronic kidney disease and its associated risk factors: a survey in Hail region, KSA
July 2013
Early identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) provides valuable opportunities for effective interventions that reduce the risk of outcomes particularly renal failure and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to screen the local population for CKD to identify potential risk factors for its development. Screening for CKD was performed involving 299 individuals aged over 15 year-old subjects in a cross...
The promise of the services sector sustainability: A United Arab Emirates (UAE) perspective
July 2013
Emirates value their health care system above any other social program. The system of health care in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) faces significant financial and population pressures, relating to comprehensiveness, universality, accessibility and portability, healthcare quality, healthcare cost, and communication technologies (ICTs). All of these challenges are significant catalysts in the development of technologies...
Suicidal ideation in callers to a crisis hotline in Mumbai, India
July 2013
Suicide is a worldwide public health problem. The stigma associated with suicide often deters people from seeking help. Although, helplines are not rated as very effective therapeutically, they offer an opportunity for intervention for people in crisis. The present study examined the characteristics of people attending an outpatient service after establishing an initial contact during an emotional crisis with a helpline...
Yellow fever outbreak in central part of Senegal 2002: Epidemiological findings
July 2013
In 2002, a yellow fever (YF) outbreak occurred in the regions of Diourbel and Fatick, centre of Senegal. The index case was a young woman without any history of vaccination. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) specific of YF was detected in her blood by the Centre de Référence OMS sur la Recherche des Arbovirus et des Fièvres Hémorragiques (CRORA) in the Institut Pasteur of Dakar. According to specific...
Formula for estimating incidence of chronic diseases from prevalence, mortality, and other indices from survey
June 2013
A theoretical formula was devised to calculate the age-specific estimated incidence (ASEI) rate of chronic diseases using consecutive-year data on disease prevalence and death rate. Data on the rate of persons who had suffered from one disease but died from another disease (RPDA) were retrieved from the database of a public health center. The ASEI rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension among older age groups...
Human metapneumovirus infections in adults associated with respiratory illness in Sao Paulo, Brazil
June 2013
The human metapneumovirus was associated with respiratory infections among children without others etiologic causes attributable. Researchers worldwide subsequently detected the virus in samples from all age groups. Our study was established on adults presented with acute respiratory infections from 2001 to 2003. Three groups of outpatients were enrolled: community patients, health care workers and kidney transplant...
Perception, attitude and involvement of men in maternal health care in a Nigerian community
June 2013
This study aimed to examine men’s perception, attitude and involvement in maternal care. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out in Atelewo community in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria using multi-stage sampling technique to select 400 respondents. Participants were adult men of reproductive age. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire. In the study, there was no intervention component;...
Trafficking and consumption of hard drugs in Côte d’Ivoire from 1999 to 2007
May 2013
Côte d'Ivoire, like other West African countries, is faced with the problem of drug trafficking and drug abuse in the last decade. During the period from 1991 to 1999, about 7,500 drug cases were handled by the Ivorian judiciary, with an average of 830 cases per year. This figure increases the magnitude of the problem in Côte d’Ivoire, considering the negative effect of drug addiction ...
River Opa - A potential agent for the dissemination of multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria
May 2013
In the process of determining the bacteriological quality of water from the Opa River, samples were taken from the river at five different points on five separate occasions. These samples were analysed by the most probable number method and by filtration, and the bacterial isolates obtained were identified by standard methods. The isolates obtained were tested for their resistance to thirteen antibiotics using the disc...
Kurdish women’s stories of abortion in Sanandaj, Iran
May 2013
Abortion is illegal in Iran, yet women go through the risks for various reasons. The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons why Kurdish women wanted to terminate their pregnancies, the methods used to induce the abortions, and their experience after abortion. The methodology for this study used a descriptive qualitative design. Five women with history of at least one induced abortion were interviewed in-depth...
Evaluating primary healthcare service revitalization interventions though a knowledge, practice and coverage survey in earthquake-affected areas in Pakistan
May 2013
The study evaluated a primary healthcare service revitalization project in the 2005 earthquake affected areas in northern Pakistan by comparing the 2010 endline survey results with the 2007 baseline. A two-stage stratified sampling was used to sample 3,000 households in Bagh district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The data indicates significant improvements in majority of the indicators including use of tetanus toxoid...
Intraorganizational human resource auditing of Ashas in Harahua block of Varanasi
May 2013
Intra-organizational auditing of human resource (AHR) evaluates personnel skill inventory in the organization towards identifying workers’ potential and capabilities for desired output. Thus, it is mandatory that such evaluation of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) by respective Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) could explore output components. The objectives of this study were to (1) obtain quantitative...
Epidemiological model of influenza a (H1N1) transmission in Ashanti Region of Ghana, 2012
April 2013
The pandemic potential of influenza A (H1N1) has required decision makers to act in the face of uncertainties. A deterministic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model was developed to study the spread of H1N1 using population data from the Ashanti region of Ghana. We assumed the population to be constant with birth rate equals death rate and they interact freely (homogeneous mixing). We determined the equilibria...
Prevalence of vaginitis and vaginosis among University of Calabar female students
April 2013
The prevalence of vaginosis and vaginitis among the female students of the University of Calabar was studied between September and December, 2005. High vaginal swabs were collected from each respondent. Questionnaires were administered to the respondents and collected together with the specimen. A total of 1000 respondents aged between 15 and 35 years were examined. The survey revealed that 70% were infected with...
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