Audit of use of antimicrobial agents at a tertiary health centre in Lagos, Nigeria
August 2015
Antimicrobial agents are reported to be the commonest prescribed medication among physicians. Studies have shown that up to 50% of antimicrobial agents prescriptions are inappropriate. The study was a retrospective cross-sectional design. Records of all patients admitted to both the medical and paediatrics wards during the period of audit were reviewed after discharge from the hospital. The appropriateness of the...
Inequalities in dental health: An ecological analysis of the interaction between the effects of water fluoridation and social deprivation on tooth decay in children living in England
July 2015
Oral health in England has improved considerably in recent years but continues to show a strong inequalities gradient. This study was aimed at investigating variations in dental decay and relation to social deprivation and local water fluoridation. An ecological analysis using the 2007 and 2008 National Dental Epidemiology Programme survey of 5 year old children in England. Postcode of residence was mapped to...
Investigations on the transmission potentials of Simulium damnosum and the risk of human onchocerciasis in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
July 2015
Onchocerciasis is transmitted to humans by the black fly, Simulium damnosum. Preliminary investigations were carried out between the months of June, 2008 and February, 2009 to verify the transmission potentials of S. damnosum for Onchocerca volvulus in a Public Amusement Park and its environs in Kaduna Metropolis of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Out of the 224 female black flies caught and dissected during the period of study,...
Coverage of child health services in rural districts of Ethiopia with the health services extension program
July 2015
Improving access to health care services has been advocated widely since the Declaration of Alma-Ata. Despite the efforts to realize this in Ethiopia, it is only in the year 2003 that the intention to take the package of essential health services to the kebele level (smallest administrative unit) was realized through the introduction of the Health Services Extension Program (HSEP). The objective of this study was to...
Knowledge and attitudes of adult HIV positive patients to HIV/AIDS in Yola, Nigeria
July 2015
Though cases of AIDS are visible in Nigeria and high awareness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), correct knowledge on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and prevention has remained low with significant numbers of people living with HIV/AIDS having low attitudes towards life and the disease itself. This study determined the baseline knowledge on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and...
Assessment of use of lavender lotion as repellent for protection against sand fly bites in endemic area with visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Sudan
July 2015
This study was an epidemiological study regarding the prevalence of visceral leishmaniaisis among first year students (as new comers) in Gadarif University, Eastern of Sudan, in 2013. It was conducted to evaluate the use, efficacy and comfortability of the use of commercial lavender lotion as vector control tool among group of 10 students from first year (5 male and 5 female). Health education regarding use of...
The epidemiology of congenital heart diseases in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review
July 2015
Several studies have been conducted on congenital heart disease in different regions of Saudi Arabia. However, no recent systematic review has examined the growing scientific evidence with respect to the epidemiology of CHD in the Kingdom. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of CHD incidence, prevalence, burden and impact on the Saudi population. A literature search was conducted through PubMed...
Factors associated with default from treatment among tuberculosis patients in Kassala State, Sudan 2013
June 2015
Sudan, particularly the eastern part shoulders 8% of TB burden in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Kassala state is classified as one of the most tuberculosis (TB) affected states in Sudan with annual risk of around 120 new cases per 100,000 of populations. TB medications take a relatively long time to ensure adequate treatment. Default from TB treatment leads to continuation of...
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients from the home care program of Federal District Brazil
June 2015
The hegemonic presence of chronic conditions in the world in recent decades has pushed health systems to reorganization, aimed at viability and economic sustainability with ‘user-centered’ and integrated actions, and also using the logic model of health care networks. One of the alternatives to meet this need relates to home care, which intends to assist bedridden chronic patients at home as a substitute...
Profiling of community directed distributors on key household practices in resource-poor setting: A case study of Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria
June 2015
Improving malaria control, hygiene and sanitation in households is a challenge in the health system. Hence, several countries have used community directed distributors (CDDs) to assist in delivering health information and services. Despite their use there is little attempt to profile this group of workers. This was a cross sectional study conducted in 2014 involving 297 CDDs from 3 rural communities in Anambra Central...
Relationship between plasma levels of albumin, selenium, chromium and manganese of healthy subjects and patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in Akwa-Ibom and Cross River States of Nigeria
May 2015
Plasma albumin, selenium, chromium and manganese levels of thirty patients each with HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and one hundred and six apparently healthy adults in Akwa-Ibom and Cross River States, South-South Nigeria was studied. The mean plasma albumin was higher in the control than in the disease patients. The mean plasma selenium was lowest in the control (0.004 ± 0.01...
Assessing healthy diet affordability in a cohort with major depressive disorders
May 2015
Although, the cost of food is commonly described as a barrier to consuming a healthy diet, the evidence for this viewpoint has been inconsistent to date. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a healthy diet is affordable for a sample population with major depressive disorder and current unhealthy eating patterns, enrolled in supporting the modification of lifestyle in lowered emotional states (SMILES) trial....
Internet-based interventions for pain management: A systematic review of randomised controlled trial (RCTs) conducted from 2010 to 2014
May 2015
Limited access to pain management programs was identified as one of the hindering factors in pain treatment. Several internet-based interventions have been developed to improve accessibility. A systematic review of trials of such programs in 2010 documented a preliminary promising effect. A PubMed electronic search was used to identify a systematic randomized controlled trail (RCTs) published 1 January, 2010 to 4...
Knowledge and Misconception of Young Women toward Sexual Transmitted Infection and Condom Use in Northern Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study
April 2015
The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and misconception about sexual transmitted infections (STIs), mode of transmission, prevention methods and use of condom among young women in Northern Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 326 young women aged 15 to 24 years from 1 to 30 May, 2013. A multistage sampling technique was used to select young women attending outpatient facility. A...
Reproductive health needs and service utilization among youths in West Badewacho Woreda, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia
April 2015
Youths are facing different sexual and reproductive health problems. Most health services for youth are designed for adults and do not always have favorable conditions to meet the special needs of youths. As well, youths have been characterized by low sexual and reproductive health service utilization....
Challenges of integrated disease surveillance response reporting among healthcare personnel in Mangu, Plateau State, Nigeria
April 2015
Integrated disease surveillance and response comprises data collection, analysis, interpretation and feedback on communicable and non-communicable diseases like cholera and hypertension. It assists health workers detect and respond to these diseases. The regional office for Africa of the World Health Organization implemented it in 1998. Nigeria has embraced this strategy, but there are challenges regarding...
Weight changes and dietary habits among breast feeding mothers
April 2015
Women are often advised that lactation accelerates loss of the excess weight gained during pregnancy, but the evidence underlying this advice is sparse and conflicting. The aim of this study is to show the relation of full breast feeding with mothers' weight change, and to assess traditional practices in Iraqi population during breast feeding period. Longitudinal study was conducted in Babylon governorate, Iraq,...
Geographic variations in the predictors of asthma, wheeze, and dry nocturnal cough among adolescents from the United Arab Emirates
April 2015
This study aims to determine the prevalence of asthma, wheeze and dry nocturnal cough, and also to assess predictors of these health outcomes among adolescents from nine different geographic regions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Guided by the population health framework, analysis focused on responses to select items from a survey that was administered on 6,363 UAE adolescents. Frequency analyses determined the...
Empirical analysis of factors associated with neonatal length of stay in Sunyani, Ghana
March 2015
Postpartum length of stay (LOS) in hospital continues to be a subject of intense discourse and research, especially for mothers of neonates born with low birth weight (LBW). This study investigates the association of total LOS (pre and postpartum) with a range of factors related to geo-demographics, maternal health and pregnancy history. It also provides simple estimates of likely duration of neonatal hospital length of...
Physicochemical and microbial analysis of portable water sources in Enugu metropolis
March 2015
Water borne diseases and heavy metal poisoning as a result of poor quality of portable water has been of a major public health concern in Nigeria. The quality of portable water in Enugu, a fast growing and population expanding city calls for a general concern. Hence, this study was aimed to ascertain the quality of portable water sources in Enugu metropolis. A total of twelve water samples were randomly collected and...
Review: Health literacy intervention and their consequences
March 2015
Health literacy is one of the most critical issues threating the public health today and there are significant gaps behind the discipline of health literacy. Low health literacy was found to threaten the health and welfare of people. The past decades witnessed a revolutionary alteration in the health patterns and disease spread among the community from infectious diseases to chronic diseases such as, heart disease,...
Perpetration and perceived spatial patterns of violent behaviours among university undergraduates in South-East Nigeria
March 2015
The study investigated perceived spatial patterns and formulated preventive strategies against violent behaviours among undergraduates of South-East Universities, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study while multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to draw the sample for the study. Well-completed 1,707 copies of researcher-designed undergraduates violent behaviours perpetration patterns...
Assessment of community knowledge about Tuberculosis and its treatment in rural areas of Shashemane, Southern Ethiopia
March 2015
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Poverty, malnutrition and crowded living conditions have been recognized for decades to increase the risk of developing TB. In addition, lack of knowledge about TB could affect the health-seeking behavior of patients and sustain the transmission of the disease within the community. A community based cross-sectional study was...
Household location and self-assessed health among Brazilian adults living in large cities: A multilevel analysis
March 2015
This paper evaluated the effect of household location on self-assessed health among adults living in large cities, with adjustments for environmental characteristics inside and outside homes and for characteristics of the individual. The results showed that, in comparison with rural areas, urban areas were associated with better self-assessed health levels among adults. Although the adjusted analysis did not show any...
Caregivers’ perception of the quality of child health care services in a General Hospital in Lagos State
February 2015
Nigeria shoulders about 10% of global childhood mortality rates. This poor statistics is related to the poor quality of child healthcare services in the country. This recent study assessed the quality of the different aspects of child healthcare services in an urban General Hospital in Lagos state, Nigeria. Descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken. Participants were caregivers attending the Child welfare Clinic...
Prevalence and public health significance of bovine cysticercosis at Elfora Abattoir, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
February 2015
A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014 to determine the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis, assess the associated risk factors and public health importance of Taeniasis at Elfora abattoir, Bishoftu town. Active abattoir survey from local zebu cattle presented to Elfora Abattoir and questionnaire survey data collected were analyzed using STATA version 11. From the total 430 carcasses...
Incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in anaemic patients attending General Hospital Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria
February 2015
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency is one of the most well known human genetic defects and could possibly result in acute haemolysis after exposure to various oxidative conditions. This work was therefore carried out to determine the incidence of G-6-PD deficiency in anaemic patients attending General Hospital Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study group comprised of 50 sickle cell, 60 iron...
Clinical benefits to pregnant women on the use of rapid diagnostic test to microscopy in malarial diagnosis in Jigawa State, Nigeria
February 2015
The study was aimed at comparing rapid diagnostic test kits (RDTs) and microscopy in detecting sequestered placental malaria or deep tissue malaria from pregnant women and the clinical benefits that can be derived. About 300 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Five (5) ml of venous and placental blood was collected into an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube, respectively. The blood samples were tested...
Care of patients with liver cirrhosis: How are we doing?
February 2015
Cirrhosis carries high morbidity and mortality due to various complications and decompensation, which can be decreased by following various practice guidelines, which are variedly followed in actual practice. This multicentric prospective/retrospective study was conducted over a 3 month period to assess actual care of patients with cirrhosis. 416 patients with cirrhosis (median age 53 years, 316 males) were included in...
Routine dissemination of summary syndromic surveillance data leads to greater usage at local health departments in North Carolina
January 2015
Public health surveillance data is critical as it provides actionable information to guide public health response. Thirty interviews were conducted across North Carolina from May to September, 2009 with local public health department staff to describe the use of routine syndromic surveillance data during a local outbreak and compared this to usage during a large, statewide outbreak, during which the state disseminated...
Knowledge, attitude and acceptance of voluntary male medical circumcision among male students attending Botswana University
January 2015
In recent years safe voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC) has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the preventive strategies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection for those countries with high HIV prevalence and low medical male circumcision rates. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of safe VMMC among male university students...
Knowledge, attitudes and participation of community pharmacists in Lagos State, Nigeria towards primary health care (PHC)
January 2015
The general objective of this study was to evaluate community pharmacists’ participation in primary health care as well as to assess community pharmacists’ knowledge of primary health care and determine their level of participation in health promotion, disease prevention and curative primary health care activities in Lagos, Nigera. A total of 120 community pharmacists were used for this study. Data was...
Environmental human faecal contamination in pig raising in Soroti district of Uganda: A short communication
January 2015
Environmental faecal contamination is the defecation on the ground or failure to dispose faeces into the latrine; it could be because of lack of latrines or even a deliberate shunning of latrines. This contamination is a worldwide problem that is perhaps exercabating parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).The vice enables the lifecycle of parasitic zoonoses like taeniasis which is associated with...
Co-infections with Schistosoma haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths among school-aged children in Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria
December 2014
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and urinary schistosomiasis and the co-infection of these intestinal helminths among school children in Saki town, Oyo state, Nigeria. Early morning stool samples were collected and a Kato-Katz thick smear technique was used to examine and count parasitic load.Urine samples were also collected and examined...
Distribution of enteric bacterial pathogens among patients with gastrointestinal tract infections and food vendors in Lagos, Nigeria
December 2014
Stool samples from 2,200 patients with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) infections and 900 apparently healthy food vendors were collected in Lagos, Nigeria and examined to determine incidence and distribution of bacterial pathogens using standard microbiological methods. The isolates recovered were identified to belong to seven genera which include Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Vibrio and...
Study on community knowledge, attitude and practice of rabies in and nearby Gondar town, North West Ethiopia
December 2014
Rabies is one of the disastrous diseases for both animal and human beings. Questionaire based cross-sectional study was conducted in and nearby Gondar town from November 2013 to June 2014. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 139 respondents comprised of 96 from urban and 43 from peri-urban areas to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of community about rabies. The current study generally illustrated...
Permeability and breakage status of male condoms artificially and naturally aged in humid tropical climate, the case of Jimma town, South-western Ethiopia
December 2014
Condoms are made up of polymers of rubber latex which undergoes gradual deterioration upon exposure to environmental conditions like high heat, ultraviolet light and humidity. This natural aging can also be simulated in laboratory and comparable results observed within short time. Deteriorated condoms show poor tensile strength and higher breakage rates. The breakage rate and permeability of condoms can be tested in...
Social determinants of health and inequity among people with disabilities: A Brazilian experience
November 2014
This paper presents a discussion concerning the results of research conducted between 2011 and 2012 in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, in which the general objectives were to understand the socio-familial inclusion of people with disabilities and their daily living needs. The methodological approach was qualitative and the data collection techniques were open life history interviews. The research subjects...
Heath Care in the rural areas in Chad: Accessibility and catch of load (case study of the sub-prefecture of Donon Manga in East Tandjilé)
November 2014
The Health sector occupies the 2nd of those which have profited from the financings of the oil incomes after education and agriculture for one decade. But in spite of this attention particularly given to the sector, the future remains dark. The average distance between the medical households and structures is 14 km at the national level against 26 km in the rural mediums which concentrate 80% of the...
Denoising a model employing automated bandwidth selection procedures and pre-whitened Euclidean-based quadratic surrogates in PROC ARIMA for optimizing asymptotic expansions and simulations of onchocerciasis endemic transmission zones in Burkina Faso
November 2014
In this research we constructed multiple predictive ArcGIS Euclidean distance–based autoregressive infectious disease transmission oriented models for predicting geographic locations of endemic onchocerciasis (“river blindness”) transmission risk zones in Burkina Faso. We employed multiple spatiotemporal-sampled empirical ecological data sets of georeferenced covariates of riverine larval...
Epidemiology of malaria among children aged 1 to 15 years in Southeast Nigeria
November 2014
An epidemiological survey was conducted on prevalence of malaria among children aged 1-15yrs in south east Nigeria. A total of 498 children were surveyed for malaria and other morbidity indicators. Out of these, 369 which include 195 (52.8%) males and 174 (47.2%) females were from experimental household and 129, including 66 (51.2%) males and 63 (48.8%) females from control household. Before the deployment of...
Prevalence of malnutrition among preschool children (6-59 months) in Western Province, Kenya
November 2014
Malnutrition being one of the major public health problems in developing countries, it is still unacceptably high and progress to reduce it in most regions of the world is low. In Eastern Africa region, stunting and being underweight is estimated at 48 and 36% and are expected to increase over the next decade. There is limited information available on the prevalence of malnutrition in this area. This study...
Evaluation of measles surveillance systems in Afghanistan-2010
November 2014
Measles is a leading cause of death among children under five years world-wide. In Afghanistan, measles claimed 35,000 lives in 2001. Despite reported measles vaccination coverage of 75%, the number of outbreaks was increasing in 2008. The systems involved in measles surveillance in Afghanistan include: Health Management Information System (HMIS), Disease Early Warning System (DEWS), and the Expanded Program...
Psychosocial wellbeing of orphan and vulnerable children at orphanages in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia
October 2014
The aim of this study was to explore the psychosocial problems and coping strategies of orphan and vulnerable children living in two orphanages, namely Yenege Tesfa and Bridge of Hope Ethiopia orphan and vulnerable children care and support centers in Gondar town, North West Ethiopia. The research primarily used a phenomenological study design of the qualitative method. Qualitative data was collected from 1...
Formula for mid-age of incidence from age-specific prevalence of chronic disease and its application
October 2014
This study was aimed to devise a theoretical formula for the mid-age of incidence (MAI) from the prevalence of age groups and to confirm its application. The formula was devised using the concept of lost years of health and then simulated. In the inhabitants’ survey, MAI was calculated from the prevalence of liver disease in the areas, and the main cause of disease was analyzed between those areas where...
Status of modern contraceptive use among married women in Debre Birhan District, Ethiopia
October 2014
Unless evidence based decisions are made based on local contexts, the low prevalence level of contraceptive use and the corresponding higher total fertility rate will make Ethiopia to remain the most populous country in Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of modern contraceptive use among married women in Debre Birhan district, Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study was...
Interaction of sex with age at diagnosis and radiation therapy in the survival of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
September 2014
Sex is a significant prognostic factor in the survival of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with girls having superior outcome. This phenomenon could be partly due to the intrinsic relationship between sex and other prognostic factors. The present study aimed to assess the effect of sex on ALL survival after accounting for interactions of sex with age at diagnosis and radiation, in addition to known...
Impact of environmental factors on the prevalence of autistic disorder after 1979
September 2014
The aim of this study was to investigate a previously overlooked, universally introduced environmental factor, fetal and retroviral contaminants in childhood vaccines, absent prior to change points (CPs) in autistic disorder (AD) prevalence with subsequent dose-effect evidence and known pathologic mechanisms of action. Worldwide population based cohort study was used for the design of this study. The United...
Factors associated with endemicity of Yersinia pestis in Namwala District of Zambia
September 2014
Plague which is a flea borne zoonotic disease of mammals caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis has occurred in Eastern and Southern parts of Zambia as epizootics. This study was conducted to determine factors associated with these outbreaks. The study was done in Namwala district of Zambia and a cross-sectional study design was used. The two stage cluster sampling technique was used. The first stage involved...
Client satisfaction with quality of health care in a rural area in Southern India
August 2014
Client satisfaction is an important method to assess the pattern of utilization of health care services amongst all sectors indirectly reflecting on the quality of services. Most of the clients prefer private over government services due to multiple reasons. The aim of this study was to assess the level of satisfaction of patients attending rural government and private health facilities in rural Andhra Pradesh. Ten...
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