IMPACT OF COPPER, LEAD, IRON AND ZINC ON OCCUPATIONAL PHOTOCOPIER OPERATORS AND REPAIRERS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN COMMUNITY- A PILOT STUDY
May 2016
Aim: Photocopying serves as a good source of employment to many Nigerian youths and its importance cannot be overemphasized. Photocopiers are used on a regular basis without any protective measure. This study seeks to ascertain the complexity of copper, lead, iron and zinc accumulates in the body of occupational users of photocopiers and their possible health hazards. Methods: Seventy subjects including tests and...
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PALM BUNCH ASH AND TRONA ON THE LIVER OF ALBINO RATS
April 2016
Aim: To evaluate the haematological, biochemical and histological effects of palm bunch ash (PBA) and trona when used as tenderizers. Methods: Thirty male albino rats were randomly grouped into five designated 1(control), 2, 3, 4 and 5, and were orally given 2 ml of distilled water, 486 mg/kg of trona, 972 mg/kg of Trona, 486 mg/kg of PBA, 972 mg/kg of PBA, respectively for 21 days. Results: The study showed...
SKELETAL MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIAL ALTERATIONS IN CARBOXYL TERMINUS OF HSC70 INTERACTING PROTEIN (CHIP)-/- MICE
April 2016
Aim: Hereditary ataxias are characterized by a slowly progressive loss of gait, hand, speech, and eye coordination and cerebellar atrophy. A subset of these, including hypogonadism, are inherited as autosomal recessive traits involving coding mutations of genes involved in ubiquitination including RNF216, OTUD4, and STUB1. Cerebellar CHIPopathy (MIM 615768) is a form of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia...
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF SKIN LESIONS IN USMANU DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL SOKOTO, NIGERIA
March 2016
Aim: Skin diseases are a common and important cause of morbidity globally. However, there is no study on skin lesion available in Sokoto to add to the existing dermatological knowledge in the sub-Saharan region. This research aims to determine the histopathological pattern of skin lesions in Sokoto. Methods: A total of 329 skin samples were thoroughly analysed in the study. 28 had inadequate data ranging from...
REPRODUCTION AND TRYPANOSOMA CONGOLENSE IN NIGERIAN WEST AFRICAN DWARF EWES: II. GENITAL AND ENDOCRINE LESIONS
March 2016
Aim: The study was designed to determine the effect of Trypanosoma congolense on the genital and endocrine organs of West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes. Methods: Ten WAD ewes obtained for the study were divided into two groups comprising 5ewes each. Group A was infected with Trypanosoma congolense, while group B was uninfected and allowed to run for eight weeks. At the end of the study period, three infected and two...
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL pH BUFFERS ON EPITOPE RETRIEVAL OF ‘HER-2/neu’ PROTEIN
January 2016
Aim: The significance of immunohistochemistry standardization became important with the disclosure of alarmingly high records of inconsistent results in the assessments of HER-2/neu expression status in women with breast cancers. Formalin-Fixed-Paraffin-Embedded tissue usually presents with conformational macromolecular changes, masking the epitope with sub-optimal staining of HER- 2/neu protein. The pH of epitope...
Evaluation of serum proteins in some immunocompromised patients in Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
June 2015
Aim: Immuno compromised state is a condition of alteration in the immune status of an individual, thereby promoting progression of a disease. This work investigated serum proteins in immuno compromised individuals. Methods: 5ml venous blood was collected from 120 volunteers which comprised 20 tuberculosis patients, 40 Human immunodeficiency virus patients, 40 pregnant women and 20 age –sex matched apparently...
Isolation and serological detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae using a combined mg/ms enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in indigenous chickens in Niger State, Nigeria
June 2015
Aim: The present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of mycoplasma infection and possible isolation from local chickens in Niger State, Nigeria. We have looked into this problem using a combined MG/MS ELISA kit and cultural isolation. Methods: A total of 552 blood samples were randomly collected from exanguinated chickens for serology. Tracheal swabs were collected into screwed cap bijou bottles...
Effect of a cassava based diet (gari) on some renal function parameters in albino rats
June 2015
Aim: The study was carried out to ascertain the effect of Gari (a cassava based diet) on renal functions in albino rats. Methods: Thirty five Wistar albino rats divided into seven groups were fed Gari mixed with normal rat diet at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% respectively for 3 weeks and the renal parameters (Creatinine, Urea, Sodium and Potassium) monitored in the animals. Results: There...
Serum biochemical changes in Japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) experimentally infected with salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum
May 2015
Aim: To determine the serum biochemical changes in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) experimentally infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Methods: A total of 160 (108 males and 52 females) Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used for the experiment. Four weeks old quails were randomly selected and assigned into four groups (A, B,C and D) of forty quails each. Groups A, B and C...
Selected markers of oxidant challenge in essential hypertensive smokers
May 2015
Aim: The study was set to assess the relationship between antioxidant status, smoking and hypertension, the argument being whether there would be a significant difference in antioxidant status and perhaps, a significant difference in blood pressure. Methods: A total of105 samples were collected. 36 samples were collected from type I hypertensive smokers; 47 from hypertensive non smokers, the remaining 22 were...
Effect of ethanolic extract of ocimum gratissimum on sodium nitrite-induced cerebral cortex toxicity in adult wistar rats
May 2015
Aim: The effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on sodium nitrite-induced cerebral oxidative stress in adult Wistar rats was evaluated. Methods: Twenty four adult Wistar rats of weight between 150g to 250g were divided into six groups of four rats each. Group I was the Control and received 2ml/kg bwt of distilled water, Group II received 54mg/kg bwt of NaNO2, Group III received 750mg/kg bwt of the...
Prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in Human immunodeficiency virus patients at art centre Agbor, Nigeria
May 2015
Aim: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients is a dual epidemic problem of major concern worldwide especially in Africa where there is upsurge of the disease. This study is set to determine the prevalence of PTB among HIV patients. Methods: A total of 489 patients were recruited into the study, 173(35.4%) were males,...
A study on the stage of presentation of acute kidney injuries to clinics in Western Nigeria
April 2015
Aim: The research was primarily set to assess the stages at which acute kidney injuries (AKI) are presented for clinical appraisal. Methods: The research was carried out in southwest Nigeria. A total of 151 participants were included, 101 were AKI patients. The remaining 50 were apparently healthy individuals who had no history of AKI, who served as control. Estimation of plasma creatinine was carried out on the...
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on cd4+ cell count and liver enzymes in HIV infection at Lokoja, Nigeria
April 2015
Aim: To assess the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on CD4 + cell count and liver enzymes in HIV-infected patients six month post-therapy based on age and sex distribution. Methods: A cohort of 200 (66 males, 134 females) consenting HAAR naïve patients, aged between 16 and 65 years with confirmed cases of HIV infection (by Western blot method) at Lokoja, Nigeria having a...
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on cd4+ cell count and liver enzymes in HIV infection at Lokoja, Nigeria
March 2015
Aim: To assess the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on CD4 + cell count and liver enzymes in HIV-infected patients six months post-therapy based on age and sex distribution. Methods: A cohort of 200 (66 males, 134 females) consenting HAART naïve patients, aged between 16 and 65 years with confirmed cases of HIV infection (by Western blot method) at Lokoja, Nigeria having a baseline CD4 +...
Sorghum bicolor extract: a suitable counter stain in hibiscus extract nuclear staining of liver and kidney
February 2015
Aim: To investigate the suitability of alcoholic extract of Sorghum bicolor stalk as a counter stain for Hibiscus extract stained nuclei. Method: Formalin fixed kidney and liver biopsies were processed by the paraffin wax technique, sectioned, stained with Hibiscus extract solution and counterstained with 10% alcoholic extract of Sorghum bicolor stalk. Parallel sections were stained with H&E as control. Results:...
A review of global guinea worm eradication: emphasis on the Nigerian situation
February 2015
Aim: The horror and misery of guinea worm with its attendant negative effects on human health and agricultural production is well documented. This study highlights the efforts made so far globally and nationally to eradicate the scourge. Methods: An update on global guinea worm eradication with emphasis on the Nigerian situation was examined. Documented reports by various experts on guinea worm were examined. There...
Plasma urea and electrolytes profile in different stages of hiv infection in Ekpoma, Nigeria
January 2015
Aim: Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) is one of most dreaded diseases today. This study aims at the determination of electrolyte profile (Na+ , K+ , Cland HCO3 - ), urea levels and CD4 count of patients diagnosed with HIV infection in Ekpoma, Nigeria. Methods: Sixty patients and 40 apparently healthy individuals as controls were examined from January 2013- September 2014. Electrolytes were assayed using flame...
Common artifacts and remedies in histopathology (a review)
January 2015
The essence of preparing a biological specimen for microscopic studies is to get adequate and accurate medical information that is a true representation of the specimen, be it for research or diagnostic purposes. An artifact can be defined as unrelated, self-colored artificial feature found in tissue sections. This has been an age long cause of misinterpretation leading to misdiagnosis to microscopists. The processing...
Biochemical assessment of liver enzymes in immunocompromised subjects – HIV/AIDS
January 2015
Aim: This study aims at the estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutmyl transferase (GGT) in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in parts of Edo State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 50 HIV/AIDS positive patients and 50 HIV/AIDS negative subjects as control were studied from...
Effect of cigarette smoke on some enzymes of the descending aorta of adult wistar rats (rattus norvegicus)
December 2014
Aim: The effect of cigarette smoke on the aorta of Wistar rats was investigated for possible enzymatic destruction. Methods: Thirty six Wistar rats 200±10g were randomly grouped into 3 of 12 rats in each group. One group was exposed to cigarette smoke (Benson and Hedges containing 1.1mg nicotine) once daily at 18.00hours. The second group was exposed to smoke from cotton wool of equal weight as of the...
Prevalence of parasitic agents associated with diarrhoea in children less than 5 years old in Lagos, Nigeria
December 2014
Aim: Diarrhoea has been a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than 5years old. This work was intended to see if the level of hygiene is a reflection of the type of water taken by children. Methods: One hundred and five stool samples were collected from children in two health facilities in Lagos: Ajegunle (52) and Surulere (53) from April to July 2012. The samples from children who had diarrhoea...
The effect of oral administration of the mixture of honey and garcinia kola on the kidney of wistar rats
December 2014
Aim: Honey and Garcinia kola have long been used separately by the traditional medical practitioners as remedies for cough and other ailments. Recently, a combination of both as a remedy for cough is common. This work was intended to see the effect of this synergy on the kidney. Methods: Twenty five Wistar albino rats weighing 180±10g were grouped into 5 (A, B, C, D, E) of 5 rats each. They were fed twice...
The effect of the mixture of garcinia kola and honey on the liver of wistar rats
December 2014
Aim: A mixture of honey and Garcinia kola has been used for the treatment of certain dry coughs and diseases. The effect of the recommended dosage of the mixture on the liver was investigated. Methods: Twenty five Wistar albino rats weighing between 170g and 190g were grouped into 5. There were 5 rats each group. The rats were fed twice daily at 8.00am and 6.00pm with a mixture of G. kola and honey 0.16g/kg + 0.5ml,...
Phytochemical and trace element analysis of Vernonia Amygdalina (bitter leaf) in different locations in Nigeria
December 2014
Aim: This study was to evaluate the phytochemical and mineral elements of Vernonia amygdalina leaf grown in Anambra, Imo, Delta and Edo States of Nigeria. Methods: Standard methods were used for the phytochemical screening while the elemental analysis was done by the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The results revealed high concentrations in mg/100g of the bioactive constituents; Flavonoids...
Effect of Tamoxifen on the histomorphological and biochemical components of the liver of Guinea Pigs
December 2014
Aim: Tamoxifen, once praised for its importance in preventing breast cancer recurrence, is now implicated in dangerous side-effects. The authors are not aware of studies on the effect of tamoxifen on the histomorphological and biochemical components of the liver of guinea pig, hence the present one. Methods: Thirty guinea pigs weighing between 650g and 700g were assigned randomly into 6 groups of five and were...
Health point prevalence of helicobacter pylori in central hospital Warri, Nigeria
December 2014
Aim: More than 50% of the world’s population harbor Helicobacter pylori in their upper gastrointestinal tract. Infection is more prevalent in developing countries, and the incidence is decreasing in the West. This study aims to determine the health prevalence rate H. pylori in Central Hospital Warri. Method: All patients suspected of dyspepsia or/and gastritis from 2012 to 2014 were tested for H. pylori....
Evaluation of serum proteins in pulmonary tuberculosis
November 2014
Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries with its attendant mortality and morbidity. Proteins in plasma or serum are readily accessible and can be analyzed directly to produce diagnostic information on disease states in patients. Methods: 5ml of venous blood was collected from One hundred (100) volunteers which comprised fifty (50)...
The use of arm span to estimate height among the Urhobos in Delta state of Nigeria
October 2014
Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of arm span as a measure of height among the Urhobos in Delta State of Nigeria. Methods: The nature and scope of this study encompassed 401 adults (199 males and 202 females) aged 22 to 65 years from the Urhobo ethnic group in Delta State of Nigeria. Data was collected with subjects in the anatomical position. Height and arm span were measured with a...
The effect of ascorbic acid on mercury-induced changes on the histomorphology of the cerebellum of adult wistar rats
September 2014
Aim: The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of ascorbic acid on mercury-induced changes on the cerebellar cortex of adult Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty adult Wistar rats of average weight of 200g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. The animals in Group 1 (control) were administered with distilled water, Groups 2 and 3 were administered with 52mg/kg and 26.25mg/kg body weight of HgCl2...
Serum lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus
August 2014
Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. The present study was conducted to determine the lipid profile of diabetes in Delta State. Methods: Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as Body mass index (BMI) were...
The circumference interorbital index of the Isoko ethnic group in Nigeria
July 2014
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the circumference interorbital index amongst the Isoko ethnic group of Nigeria. Methods: This study was based on data collected from 600 Isoko subjects between 12–31 years of age in Delta State of Nigeria. Data was collected using a tape rule to measure the head circumference and a non-stretchable transparent centimeter ruler to measure the inner canthal distance....
Evaluation of the lethal dose of the methanol extract of rhizophora racemosa leaf using Karber’s method
May 2014
Aim: To evaluate the median lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol extract of Rhizophora racemosa leaf commonly used for toothache and dysmenorrhoea in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. Methods: The modified arithmetic Karber’s method by Aliu and Nwude was used. Various doses of the extract were administered to adult albino rats through intraperitoneal route and the LD50 was calculated. Results: The result...
Histomorpohological assessment of the extract of the stalk of sorghum bicolor as a counterstain
May 2014
Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the staining ability of the extract of the stalk of Sorghum bicolor as a counterstain on Haematoxylin. Methods: Tissue blocks of trachea, oesophagus and ileum were retrieved from the Autopsy Block Archive of the Department of Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin. Eight (8) serial sections labeled A to H were made from each block and stained...
The effect of Vernonia Amygdalina and Ocimum Gratissimum on Alloxan-induced diabetic rats
May 2014
Aim: Anti-diabetic evaluation of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on alloxan induced diabetic rats was investigated. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into six groups of five per group. The rats were fed with aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts of the plants. Results: On day 2 post induction, fasting blood glucose of all the animals across the groups increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to pre...
TESTICULAR ALTERATION IN OVER DOSAGE OF AZATHIOPRINE: A HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY IN WISTAR RATS
May 2014
Aim: The use of Azathioprine (AZA) in the prevention of organ rejection during transplantation has been documented for different organs of the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of azathioprine on the integrity of the testis of Wistar rats using histological and histochemical techniques. Methods: Eighteen adult male Wistar rats with mean weight 210±2.65 g were randomly assigned into three...
The effect of honey and aloe vera extract on aspirin induced liver damage in rats
April 2014
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey and Aloe vera extract on Aspirin-induced liver damage in albino rats. Methods: A total of twenty four adult male albino rats weighing between 100 and 150g were divided into six groups. (A, B, C, D, E and F) of four rats each in a group, Rats in Group A served as control and were given water and feeds only. Rats in Group B were given 100mg/kg of...
Histological and Biochemical effects of aqueous extract of ocimum gratissimum on the liver and kidney of adult wistar rats
April 2014
Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is used commonly in traditional medicine to treat certain diseases. This study accessed the histological and biochemical effects of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves on the kidney and liver of adult Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty four adult Wistar rats were assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 6 rats each. Group A was used as control, and B, C, and D were the treatment...
Serum testosterone level in Nigerian marijuana and cigarette smokers
March 2014
Aim: To evaluate the effects of marijuana and cigarette smoke on serum testosterone level in male marijuana and cigarette smokers. Methods: Testosterone was estimated using enzyme immunoassay on micro plate format in 30 marijuana smokers, 15 cigarette smokers and 25 sex, age matched non-smokers as controls. Body mass index (BMI) of all subjects was also calculated. Results: There was a significant decrease...
HIV and HBV coinfection in Niger-Delta, Nigeria
March 2014
Aim: This study was conducted to ascertain the level of coexistence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV and to determine their significant association. Both HBV and HIV share the same routes of infection. Methods: The study was conducted on 500 persons consisting 250 subjects who tested positive to HIV and 250 subjects who tested positive to HBV. HIV positive individuals were further tested for HBV. Similarly, HBV...
Haematologic and biochemical implications of inhalation of fumes of petroleum products
March 2014
Aims: To investigate the Haematologic and biochemical implications of exposure to fumes of petroleum products in human subjects. Methods: A total of 100 subjects (40 males and 60 females) aged between 18-30 years participated in the study. Each gender was further categorized into two groups of 10 controls and 30 tests in males and 20 controls and 40 tests in females. Test Group 1 subjects were exposed to fumes of...
Effect of stress of examination on serum cortisol level and cd4 cell count in male undergraduates at Igbinedion University, Nigeria
February 2014
Aim: To assess the effect of stress of examination on serum cortisol level and CD4 cell count in young male students at Igbinedion University. Methods: A cross sectional laboratory based analysis was adopted for this study. A total of 204 male undergraduate volunteers (age 22 + 1.0 years, body mass index 23 + 0.5 kg/m2) were randomly recruited for the study. Total white blood cell (TWBC) was determined using the...
Micronutrient levels in workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde
February 2014
Aim: The aim of the work was to determine the levels of some micronutrients in the serum of persons occupationally exposed to formalin in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: The exposed group (n=36) comprised male embalmers (morticians) who have had occupational exposure for a minimum of five years, while apparently healthy age-matched male subjects (n=34) without considerable exposure to formaldehyde served as control...
Observations on the quail’s bursa of fabricius under normal and experimental infectious bursal disease conditions
February 2014
AIM: The study involved the evaluation of the bursa of fabricius in healthy and experimentally infected quails with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). METHODS: One hundred and fifty days old quail chicks were obtained and divided into two groups. The Group B birds were inoculated with two drops of IBDV antigen while Group A were inoculated with two drops of phosphate buffered saline per os and kept for 14 weeks....
Photometric Analysis of the Facial angle of the Ibos in Nigeria
January 2014
This study was carried out to provide data on and compare the mean facial angle between male and female Ibo subjects. Methods: The study design was the cross-sectional descriptive type that involved 100 Ibo subjects aged between 18 and 30 years. The multi-stage sampling technique was used in this study. Simple random sampling was employed to select the research subjects. There was also stratified sampling such that...
Histoarchitectural organization of the visual system of male rats following oral administration of crude aqueous leaf extract of cannabis sativa
January 2014
Aim: This study was to elucidate some of the effects of oral administration of Cannabis sativa on the visual system of male Wistar rats. Methods: 12 adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. The rats were distributed into two groups (A and B). The rats in group A (treatment group) were administered with 300 mg/kg body weight of Cannabis sativa while the rats in group B (control group) were administered with...
Hemorheological alterations in normal pregnancy
January 2014
Aim: To determine the hemorhelogical alterations in normal pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: Subjects aged between 18 and 42 years participated in the study. Patient consent form was obtained from 240 pregnant women on antenatal visit and 80 aged matched healthy individual on routine checkup. The pregnant women were divided into three groups according to trimesters. Those with complications were...
Impact of liver damage on the histoarchitectural profile of the cerebellar cortex in rats
November 2013
Aim: This study described the histopathological profile of the cerebellar cortex and liver of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage. Methods: Male Wistar rats weighing about 250 g were divided into 2 groups (A and B). Group A (control) rats were treated with olive oil (OO) solution only while Group B rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks. Thereafter, the cerebellum and...
Histopathological pattern of renal tumours seen in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria
November 2013
Aim: Malignant renal tumour is a relatively rare type of cancer that occurs third in urological tumours after prostate and bladder cancers. Little is known in the literatures about its existence in Sokoto which prompted this research. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and histopathological pattern of malignant renal tumours in Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 11,554 H&E stained sections...
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