September 2018
Effect of formalin fixation on DNA purity and quantity, nucleic acid, and amplicon size in cervical human papilloma virus detection
Tissue fixation with 10% formalin and molten paraffin wax embedding (FFPE) is routinely used protocol for tissue preservation in histopathology laboratory. We therefore aimed at comparing the differences in DNA quantity, DNA purity, nucleic acid and its effect on primers (PCR) amplicon (bp) sizes between fresh cervical tissues and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE). The differences in DNA purity, quantity and...
August 2018
Some plasma biochemical changes in layers experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida
The present study was carried out to investigate some biochemical alterations in layers experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida. A total of 20 eighteen-week old ISA Brown layers were used in the experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to two groups (infected and control) of 10 layers each. To establish infection, each bird in the infected group was challenged by intra nasal (0.1 ml) and intramuscular...
August 2018
Effect of Theobroma cacao on renal function of wistar albino rats induced with anaemia
The study investigated the effect of Theobroma cacao on renal function of phenylhydrazine induced anaemic albino rats. Forty albino rats were divided into 8 groups of five rats each namely control (group A), Phenyl hydrazine (group B) while groups C, D and E were given phenylhydrazine and administered with 100,200 and 500 mg/kg of T. cacao respectively while groups F, G and H were given 200,500 and 1000 mg/kg of T cacao...
July 2018
Comparative study of the effects of aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L. on the cerebellar cortex of Artesunate–Amodiaquine treated adult Wistar rats
This study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts of Phoenix dactylifera on the cerebellar cortex of Artesunate-Amodiaquine (AS–AQ) treated Wistar rats. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n=4). Group 1 served as the control; Group 2 received 2.86/8.75 mg/kg AS–AQ. Group 3 received 2.86/8.75 mg/kg AS–AQ + 100 mg/kg ascorbic acid; Groups...
July 2018
Phenotypic detection of multidrug resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from clinical samples
A clinico-laboratory investigation of multidrug resistant (MDR) characteristics of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli pathotypes from some hospitals in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria, was carried out. A total of 198 E. coli isolates were recovered from different patients’ age group (0 to above 70 years), comprising of 134 males and 85 females, as both out-patient (126) and in-patient...
June 2018
Histological and histochemical assessements on the effect of ethanol fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date Palm) on cerebral cortex of lead acetate treated wistar rats
This study histologically and histochemically assess the effect of ethanol fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera L. (EFPD) on the cerebral cortex of lead acetate exposed Wistar rats. Twenty rats were grouped into five groups (A to E, n=4). Group A (control) was administered distilled water (2 ml/kg), while groups B to E were treatment groups. Cerebral damage was induced in rats by the administration of lead acetate (120...
June 2018
Determination of egg production and weight in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum
The present study was conducted to determine egg production and weight in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum. Twenty layers were used for the research. The layers were purchased at the age of 18 weeks from certified commercial poultry farm in Kujama farm, Kaduna State, Nigeria and housed in the Animal Research Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello...
December 2017
Determination of median lethal dose of ethanolic extract of Sesamum Indicum seeds in adult wistar rats
The aim of this research was to determine the median lethal dose of sesamum indicum seeds in Wistar rats. Methods: Twelve Wistar rats within the ages of five to six weeks and of weights, ranging from (98-160) g of both sexes were used for the experiment. They were categorized into two phases of I and II. Phase I consisted three (3) groups of three (3) animals each. While phase II consisted three (3) groups...
December 2017
Some plasma biochemical changes in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum
Aim: The study was conducted to investigate some plasma biochemical changes in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum Methods: A total of 20 eighteen-week- old ISA Brown layers were used in the experiment. The birds were randomly divided into two groups; infected and control, of 10 birds each. Each bird in the infected group was orally administered 0.5 ml of the inoculum containing...
August 2017
Ascorbic acid and testosterone efficacy in spermatoxic and histomorphological changes in Corpora cavernosa in priapism induced sprague-dawley rats
Aim: The histomorphological changes in the corpora cavernosa following priapism remains an interesting observation due to its pathological and reproductive implications. We investigated the attenuating effect of testosterone and vitamin C on the corpora cavernosa induced fibrosis in priapism of rats. Methods: Twenty-five Sprague – Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups of rats each Group 1 served...
June 2017
Male breast adenomyoepithelioma- A case report and literature review
Adenomyoepithelioma is an uncommon primary breast tumor characterized by a biphasic proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells which was first described by Hampperl in 1970. The largest reported series had been by Tavassoli (1991) who in reported 27 cases. Most of the others have been one or two case reports. Except for two in male patients [Tamura et al., 1993, Berna et al., 1997] all the reported cases have...
June 2017
Haematological changes in layers experimentally infected with salmonella gallinarum
Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the haematological changes in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella gallinarum. Methods: A total of 20 eighteen-week- old ISA Brown layers were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly divided into two groups, infected and control, of 10 birds each. To establish the infection, each bird in the infected group was orally administered 0.5 ml of the...
June 2017
Histomorphology of seminal vesicle and testicular tissue of Wistar rats following administration of Carica Papaya
Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of Carica papaya on male reproductive organs. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly grouped into 4 of 5 rats each. They were fed with 2.5g/kg, 5g/kg and 7.5g/kg of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya once a day. The first group was given water. The rats were sacrificed on the 14th...
May 2017
EVALUATION OF THE TOXICITY OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Aim: The study evaluated the acute and sub acute toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllathus amarus Schum. and Thonn using Wistar albino rat. Methods: Sixty-one adult Wistar rats were grouped four groups with ten rats per group for acute study. Rats in group 2, 3 and 4 received 2000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg, and 8000mg/kg of the extract respectively. For sub acute study, rats were divided into three groups with seven...
April 2017
A STUDY OF ULCER INDUCED STOMACH OF ALBINO RATS TREATED WITH IDOGU MIXTURE, A POTENT ANTI-ULCER HERBAL DRUG
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the potency of the anti-ulcer drug, Idogun on the stomach of ulcer induced albino rats. Method: Six groups of locally bred albino rats were used. Each group containing five rats of either sex were orally treated respectively with distilled water (ulcer control group), omeprazole 20mg/kg (reference group) and 100, 200, 400 and 800mg/kg extract of Idogun anti –ulcer...
March 2017
SEROPREVALENCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOME WILD AND SEMI-DOMESTICATED BIRDS NATURALLY INFECTED WITH AVIAN POX VIRUS IN ZARIA, NGERIA
Aim: To determine seroprevalence and haematological parameters of some wild and semidomesticated birds naturally infected with avian pox virus (APV). Methods: A total of 160 birds belonging to 12 species were used for the study. Serum samples obtained from these birds were analyzed for antibodies to Avian Pox Virus (APV) using agar gel precipitation test. Natt-Herricks methods and thin blood smear technique were...
February 2017
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS GARLIC EXTRACT ON LEAD-INDUCED CHANGES ON CEREBELLUM OF WISTAR RATS
Aims: The effects of aqueous garlic extract on lead-induced changes on the cerebellum of Wistar rats was investigated. Methods: Forty five Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups. Group 1 served as Control. Groups 2 and 3 received lead at low and high doses. Group 4 received lead and garlic extract at low doses while Group 5 received lead at high dose and garlic extract at low dose. Group 6 received lead...
January 2017
PRELIMINARY HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS FRUIT EXTRACT OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L. (DATE PALM) ON LEAD ACETATE-INDUCED CEREBELLAR DAMAGES IN WISTAR RATS
Aim: This study was to histologically assess the therapeutic effect of aqueous fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera (AFEPD) on lead acetate-induced cerebellar damage in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty four rats were grouped into six (I–VI; n=4). Group I (control) received distilled water (1 ml/kg). Group II received lead acetate (LA, 120mg/kg) only. Groups III and IV received LA (120mg/kg) followed by AFEPD...
June 2015
Evaluation of serum proteins in some immunocompromised patients in Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
Aim: Immuno compromised state is a condition of alteration in the immune status of an individual, thereby promoting progression of a disease. This work investigated serum proteins in immuno compromised individuals. Methods: 5ml venous blood was collected from 120 volunteers which comprised 20 tuberculosis patients, 40 Human immunodeficiency virus patients, 40 pregnant women and 20 age –sex matched apparently...
June 2015
Isolation and serological detection of mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae using a combined mg/ms enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in indigenous chickens in Niger State, Nigeria
Aim: The present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of mycoplasma infection and possible isolation from local chickens in Niger State, Nigeria. We have looked into this problem using a combined MG/MS ELISA kit and cultural isolation. Methods: A total of 552 blood samples were randomly collected from exanguinated chickens for serology. Tracheal swabs were collected into screwed cap bijou bottles...
June 2015
Effect of a cassava based diet (gari) on some renal function parameters in albino rats
Aim: The study was carried out to ascertain the effect of Gari (a cassava based diet) on renal functions in albino rats. Methods: Thirty five Wistar albino rats divided into seven groups were fed Gari mixed with normal rat diet at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% respectively for 3 weeks and the renal parameters (Creatinine, Urea, Sodium and Potassium) monitored in the animals. Results: There...
May 2015
Serum biochemical changes in Japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) experimentally infected with salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum
Aim: To determine the serum biochemical changes in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) experimentally infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Methods: A total of 160 (108 males and 52 females) Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used for the experiment. Four weeks old quails were randomly selected and assigned into four groups (A, B,C and D) of forty quails each. Groups A, B and C...
May 2015
Selected markers of oxidant challenge in essential hypertensive smokers
Aim: The study was set to assess the relationship between antioxidant status, smoking and hypertension, the argument being whether there would be a significant difference in antioxidant status and perhaps, a significant difference in blood pressure. Methods: A total of105 samples were collected. 36 samples were collected from type I hypertensive smokers; 47 from hypertensive non smokers, the remaining 22 were...
May 2015
Effect of ethanolic extract of ocimum gratissimum on sodium nitrite-induced cerebral cortex toxicity in adult wistar rats
Aim: The effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on sodium nitrite-induced cerebral oxidative stress in adult Wistar rats was evaluated. Methods: Twenty four adult Wistar rats of weight between 150g to 250g were divided into six groups of four rats each. Group I was the Control and received 2ml/kg bwt of distilled water, Group II received 54mg/kg bwt of NaNO2, Group III received 750mg/kg bwt of the...
May 2015
Prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in Human immunodeficiency virus patients at art centre Agbor, Nigeria
Aim: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients is a dual epidemic problem of major concern worldwide especially in Africa where there is upsurge of the disease. This study is set to determine the prevalence of PTB among HIV patients. Methods: A total of 489 patients were recruited into the study, 173(35.4%) were males,...
April 2015
A study on the stage of presentation of acute kidney injuries to clinics in Western Nigeria
Aim: The research was primarily set to assess the stages at which acute kidney injuries (AKI) are presented for clinical appraisal. Methods: The research was carried out in southwest Nigeria. A total of 151 participants were included, 101 were AKI patients. The remaining 50 were apparently healthy individuals who had no history of AKI, who served as control. Estimation of plasma creatinine was carried out on the...
April 2015
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on cd4+ cell count and liver enzymes in HIV infection at Lokoja, Nigeria
Aim: To assess the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on CD4 + cell count and liver enzymes in HIV-infected patients six month post-therapy based on age and sex distribution. Methods: A cohort of 200 (66 males, 134 females) consenting HAAR naïve patients, aged between 16 and 65 years with confirmed cases of HIV infection (by Western blot method) at Lokoja, Nigeria having a...
March 2015
Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on cd4+ cell count and liver enzymes in HIV infection at Lokoja, Nigeria
Aim: To assess the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on CD4 + cell count and liver enzymes in HIV-infected patients six months post-therapy based on age and sex distribution. Methods: A cohort of 200 (66 males, 134 females) consenting HAART naïve patients, aged between 16 and 65 years with confirmed cases of HIV infection (by Western blot method) at Lokoja, Nigeria having a baseline CD4 +...
February 2015
Sorghum bicolor extract: a suitable counter stain in hibiscus extract nuclear staining of liver and kidney
Aim: To investigate the suitability of alcoholic extract of Sorghum bicolor stalk as a counter stain for Hibiscus extract stained nuclei. Method: Formalin fixed kidney and liver biopsies were processed by the paraffin wax technique, sectioned, stained with Hibiscus extract solution and counterstained with 10% alcoholic extract of Sorghum bicolor stalk. Parallel sections were stained with H&E as control. Results:...
February 2015
A review of global guinea worm eradication: emphasis on the Nigerian situation
Aim: The horror and misery of guinea worm with its attendant negative effects on human health and agricultural production is well documented. This study highlights the efforts made so far globally and nationally to eradicate the scourge. Methods: An update on global guinea worm eradication with emphasis on the Nigerian situation was examined. Documented reports by various experts on guinea worm were examined. There...
January 2015
Plasma urea and electrolytes profile in different stages of hiv infection in Ekpoma, Nigeria
Aim: Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) is one of most dreaded diseases today. This study aims at the determination of electrolyte profile (Na+ , K+ , Cland HCO3 - ), urea levels and CD4 count of patients diagnosed with HIV infection in Ekpoma, Nigeria. Methods: Sixty patients and 40 apparently healthy individuals as controls were examined from January 2013- September 2014. Electrolytes were assayed using flame...
January 2015
Common artifacts and remedies in histopathology (a review)
The essence of preparing a biological specimen for microscopic studies is to get adequate and accurate medical information that is a true representation of the specimen, be it for research or diagnostic purposes. An artifact can be defined as unrelated, self-colored artificial feature found in tissue sections. This has been an age long cause of misinterpretation leading to misdiagnosis to microscopists. The processing...
December 2014
Effect of cigarette smoke on some enzymes of the descending aorta of adult wistar rats (rattus norvegicus)
Aim: The effect of cigarette smoke on the aorta of Wistar rats was investigated for possible enzymatic destruction. Methods: Thirty six Wistar rats 200±10g were randomly grouped into 3 of 12 rats in each group. One group was exposed to cigarette smoke (Benson and Hedges containing 1.1mg nicotine) once daily at 18.00hours. The second group was exposed to smoke from cotton wool of equal weight as of the...
December 2014
Prevalence of parasitic agents associated with diarrhoea in children less than 5 years old in Lagos, Nigeria
Aim: Diarrhoea has been a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than 5years old. This work was intended to see if the level of hygiene is a reflection of the type of water taken by children. Methods: One hundred and five stool samples were collected from children in two health facilities in Lagos: Ajegunle (52) and Surulere (53) from April to July 2012. The samples from children who had diarrhoea...
December 2014
The effect of oral administration of the mixture of honey and garcinia kola on the kidney of wistar rats
Aim: Honey and Garcinia kola have long been used separately by the traditional medical practitioners as remedies for cough and other ailments. Recently, a combination of both as a remedy for cough is common. This work was intended to see the effect of this synergy on the kidney. Methods: Twenty five Wistar albino rats weighing 180±10g were grouped into 5 (A, B, C, D, E) of 5 rats each. They were fed twice...
December 2014
The effect of the mixture of garcinia kola and honey on the liver of wistar rats
Aim: A mixture of honey and Garcinia kola has been used for the treatment of certain dry coughs and diseases. The effect of the recommended dosage of the mixture on the liver was investigated. Methods: Twenty five Wistar albino rats weighing between 170g and 190g were grouped into 5. There were 5 rats each group. The rats were fed twice daily at 8.00am and 6.00pm with a mixture of G. kola and honey 0.16g/kg + 0.5ml,...
December 2014
Phytochemical and trace element analysis of Vernonia Amygdalina (bitter leaf) in different locations in Nigeria
Aim: This study was to evaluate the phytochemical and mineral elements of Vernonia amygdalina leaf grown in Anambra, Imo, Delta and Edo States of Nigeria. Methods: Standard methods were used for the phytochemical screening while the elemental analysis was done by the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The results revealed high concentrations in mg/100g of the bioactive constituents; Flavonoids...
December 2014
Effect of Tamoxifen on the histomorphological and biochemical components of the liver of Guinea Pigs
Aim: Tamoxifen, once praised for its importance in preventing breast cancer recurrence, is now implicated in dangerous side-effects. The authors are not aware of studies on the effect of tamoxifen on the histomorphological and biochemical components of the liver of guinea pig, hence the present one. Methods: Thirty guinea pigs weighing between 650g and 700g were assigned randomly into 6 groups of five and were...
December 2014
Health point prevalence of helicobacter pylori in central hospital Warri, Nigeria
Aim: More than 50% of the world’s population harbor Helicobacter pylori in their upper gastrointestinal tract. Infection is more prevalent in developing countries, and the incidence is decreasing in the West. This study aims to determine the health prevalence rate H. pylori in Central Hospital Warri. Method: All patients suspected of dyspepsia or/and gastritis from 2012 to 2014 were tested for H. pylori....
November 2014
Evaluation of serum proteins in pulmonary tuberculosis
Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries with its attendant mortality and morbidity. Proteins in plasma or serum are readily accessible and can be analyzed directly to produce diagnostic information on disease states in patients. Methods: 5ml of venous blood was collected from One hundred (100) volunteers which comprised fifty (50)...
October 2014
The use of arm span to estimate height among the Urhobos in Delta state of Nigeria
Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of arm span as a measure of height among the Urhobos in Delta State of Nigeria. Methods: The nature and scope of this study encompassed 401 adults (199 males and 202 females) aged 22 to 65 years from the Urhobo ethnic group in Delta State of Nigeria. Data was collected with subjects in the anatomical position. Height and arm span were measured with a...
September 2014
The effect of ascorbic acid on mercury-induced changes on the histomorphology of the cerebellum of adult wistar rats
Aim: The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of ascorbic acid on mercury-induced changes on the cerebellar cortex of adult Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty adult Wistar rats of average weight of 200g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. The animals in Group 1 (control) were administered with distilled water, Groups 2 and 3 were administered with 52mg/kg and 26.25mg/kg body weight of HgCl2...
August 2014
Serum lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. The present study was conducted to determine the lipid profile of diabetes in Delta State. Methods: Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as Body mass index (BMI) were...
July 2014
The circumference interorbital index of the Isoko ethnic group in Nigeria
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the circumference interorbital index amongst the Isoko ethnic group of Nigeria. Methods: This study was based on data collected from 600 Isoko subjects between 12–31 years of age in Delta State of Nigeria. Data was collected using a tape rule to measure the head circumference and a non-stretchable transparent centimeter ruler to measure the inner canthal distance....
May 2014
Evaluation of the lethal dose of the methanol extract of rhizophora racemosa leaf using Karber’s method
Aim: To evaluate the median lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol extract of Rhizophora racemosa leaf commonly used for toothache and dysmenorrhoea in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. Methods: The modified arithmetic Karber’s method by Aliu and Nwude was used. Various doses of the extract were administered to adult albino rats through intraperitoneal route and the LD50 was calculated. Results: The result...
May 2014
Histomorpohological assessment of the extract of the stalk of sorghum bicolor as a counterstain
Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the staining ability of the extract of the stalk of Sorghum bicolor as a counterstain on Haematoxylin. Methods: Tissue blocks of trachea, oesophagus and ileum were retrieved from the Autopsy Block Archive of the Department of Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin. Eight (8) serial sections labeled A to H were made from each block and stained...
May 2014
The effect of Vernonia Amygdalina and Ocimum Gratissimum on Alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Aim: Anti-diabetic evaluation of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on alloxan induced diabetic rats was investigated. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into six groups of five per group. The rats were fed with aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts of the plants. Results: On day 2 post induction, fasting blood glucose of all the animals across the groups increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to pre...
May 2014
TESTICULAR ALTERATION IN OVER DOSAGE OF AZATHIOPRINE: A HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY IN WISTAR RATS
Aim: The use of Azathioprine (AZA) in the prevention of organ rejection during transplantation has been documented for different organs of the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of azathioprine on the integrity of the testis of Wistar rats using histological and histochemical techniques. Methods: Eighteen adult male Wistar rats with mean weight 210±2.65 g were randomly assigned into three...
April 2014
The effect of honey and aloe vera extract on aspirin induced liver damage in rats
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey and Aloe vera extract on Aspirin-induced liver damage in albino rats. Methods: A total of twenty four adult male albino rats weighing between 100 and 150g were divided into six groups. (A, B, C, D, E and F) of four rats each in a group, Rats in Group A served as control and were given water and feeds only. Rats in Group B were given 100mg/kg of...
April 2014
Histological and Biochemical effects of aqueous extract of ocimum gratissimum on the liver and kidney of adult wistar rats
Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is used commonly in traditional medicine to treat certain diseases. This study accessed the histological and biochemical effects of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves on the kidney and liver of adult Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty four adult Wistar rats were assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 6 rats each. Group A was used as control, and B, C, and D were the treatment...
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