Pathogenic and molecular characterization of Pseudocercospora griseola, the causal agent of angular leaf spot of common bean, in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
May 2024
Angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by Pseudocercospora griseola is the most economically damaging common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foliar disease in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and elsewhere in Eastern and Central Africa. Information regarding pathotypes distribution and genetic structure that would enable development of appropriate control measures is still lacking in DRC. The study aimed to investigate the...
Effect of incorporating the pulp of the fruit of Detarium microcarpum Guill & Perr. on the quality of the traditional malt-based drinks in West Africa
May 2024
Detarium microcarpum is a forest plant widely used in West Africa. However, it is little known and used for food. This study aims to assess the beneficial effect of incorporating the pulp of the fruit of D. microcarpum on the quality of the traditional malt-based drinks. Thus, the objective was to produce traditional drinks based on composite flour of D. microcarpum pulp and malt, then to characterize these drinks on...
Optimization of the sensorial quality of Saka Saka, a dish made from cassava leaves
May 2024
The goal was to improve Saka Saka's sensory quality. The study analyzed Saka Saka samples by pre-treating cassava leaves, mixing ingredients, and optimizing color, odor, and taste. The data was analyzed using Minitab 17.3.1 software, with replicates varying. The sensory evaluation of Saka Saka samples showed acceptable characteristics, with scores ranging from 5 to 8. The most appreciated characteristic was color,...
Isolation and binary fusion of taro (Colocasia esculeneta (L) Schott.) protoplast: Towards developing somatic hybridization protocol as an alternative to sexual hybridization
April 2024
Collocasia esculenta (L) Schott. (Taro) genotypes cultivated in Kenya rarely produce flowers, thus improvement via pollination is hindered. Somatic hybridization is an attractive alternative to circumvent flower pollination constrain and hence explored in this study. The aim of this study was to optimize isolation and binary fusion of protoplast obtained from C. esculenta (Dasheen) and C. antiquorum Eddoe) genotypes....
Evaluation of runs of homozygosity and genomic endogamy in the Creole breeds Guaymi and Guabala in Panama
April 2024
The inbreeding coefficient measures the likelihood of identical alleles at a locus in a population due to descent from a common ancestor, highlighting potential negative impacts on health and fitness in both natural and domesticated populations. This study focuses on homozygous segments continuous genomic regions of homozygosity resulting from the inheritance of identical haplotypes from both parents and their role in...
In vitro antifungal potential of citral and nanoencapsulated citral against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
April 2024
This study aimed to encapsulate citral in chitosan nanoparticles and test its antifungal activity, along with the nanoparticles, against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL), a soil-borne pathogen causing worldwide yield losses in tomato production. The nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and in vitro release...
Evaluation of the seroprevalence of okra mosaic virus in Koulikoro, Mali
April 2024
Mosaic virus disease is transmitted by several types of viruses such as OMD, OYVMV, OLCV, CLCuGV, and CYCrV. Among these viruses, some of them are significant threats to okra production worldwide. To develop an integrated pest management strategy against this disease, this seroprevalence study was conducted at the Rural Polytechnic Institute (RPI) of Katibougou, Koulikoro region, Mali. Symptomatic leaves of okra plants...
Genetic diversity of Fusarium isolates infecting potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) crops in Zimbabwe
March 2024
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are important crops that contribute significantly to Zimbabwe’s economic development. However, they are attacked by Fusarium species leading to reduced yields, quality and profitability for farmers. A study was conducted to investigate the diversity of Fusarium spp. causing wilt and rots in both crops in Zimbabwe. Plants displaying symptoms of wilting,...
Effects of seed coat pigmentation on germination characteristics and antioxidant properties of Argyrolobium uniflorum ((Decne.) Jaub. & Spach) in southern Tunisia
March 2024
Seeds of Argyrolobium uniflorum (Fabaceae), a spontaneous plant in arid and semi-arid regions of Tunisia, showed a color variability in their seed coats (green, orange, yellow and brown). The influence of the color of seed coat on germination and phytochemical seed composition was evaluated. Germination tests were carried out and the results obtained show that the applied chemical treatment (sulfuric acid) improved...
Detection of virulence genes and antibiogram of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from slaughtered cattle and abattoir effluent in Zaria, Nigeria
March 2024
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a formidable human pathogen causing food-borne diseases worldwide. The present study investigates virulence genes and determines the antimicrobial characteristics of STEC O157:H7 isolates from faecal and effluent samples at Zaria abattoir in Zaria. PCR assays were used to detect the virulence genes of STEC O157:H7 isolates. The isolates that produced stx genes...
Screening of tuberculosis in highly exposed children in the population of Cameroon central region
March 2024
Although the treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is available nowadays, it remains a real concern, especially since cases in children are often detected late and underreported. Studies have shown that elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with TB in adults. This study aims to assess the CRP levels among the pediatric cases at Jamot Hospital (Yaoundé) and Meguemessi community in Cameroon....
Systematic studies on tetra SL hybrid hen technology and rearing for chicken welfare
March 2024
In Serbia, there are 4 to 6 genotypes of hens used for producing eggs for consumption, including hybrid Tetra SL. The proper rearing of commercial flocks is critical for timely laying, intensity of laying capacity, number of laid eggs, and period of hen usage. The aim of this paper is to analyze the results of rearing the offspring of hybrid Tetra SL, from one-day-old chickens to eighteen-week-olds, with a review of the...
Distribution of cassava mosaic begomoviruses in the North-Western provinces of Democratic Republic of Congo
February 2024
This study was carried out for the first time in the North-Western Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) as part of the Viral Epidemiology in West and Central Africa (WAVE) program. Its dual aim was to identify and map the viruses responsible for African cassava mosaic in this part of the country. Cassava leaf samples were collected during a geo-referenced survey conducted from 1st February to 31st March, 2022 in...
Establishment of an efficient regeneration protocol of six different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
February 2024
An efficient callogenesis and regeneration protocol was optimized for six different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties including Chakwal-50, Galaxy-01, NARC-09, Pakistan-13, Millat-11, and Borlog-14. For callogenesis, mature seeds of each variety were used as explant, surface sterilization, and culturing were carried out on MS medium enhanced with dissimilar levels (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 mg/L) of...
Multi-resistance to carbapenems by the production of Imipenemase (IMP)-types carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacilli in Burkina Faso
February 2024
The growing prevalence of Imipenemase (IMP) metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) producing strains of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) pathogens is a real concern for clinicians in the light of therapeutic impasses driven. However, resistance genes encoding these enzymes are hardly documented in Burkina Faso. This study aims to show carbapenem-resistance mediated by the production of IMP-type carbapenemase in GNB clinical strains...
The effect of clarification methods on quality attributes of sugarcane-watermelon wine fermented by palm wine yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
February 2024
Clarification of wine is aimed at improving the quality of the product by removing haze. In this study, the effect of two clarification methods namely membrane filtration technique and the use of Keiselguhr diatomaceous earth powder on the physico-chemical and sensory attributes of wine produced using sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) and watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L) juice blended in the ratio 1:1 (v/v)...
Analytical performances description of the immunoturbidimetric method for the determination of HbA1c using Selectra Pro M automated system at the Institut National d'Hygiène (INH) of Lomé
January 2024
HbA1c is the best indicator for monitoring glycemic control in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Its value allows us to predict the development of long-term degenerative complications of diabetes. Several techniques offered by different laboratories allow the determination of HbA1c based on different principles. The purpose of the present study was to perform the verification of the analytical performances of...
Morphological traits variation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) grown in Côte d’Ivoire
January 2024
The genetic diversity of a genetic resource is an indicator of its richness and offers many possibilities for improvement. Cowpea is an important source of nutrients for humans and animals. This study aimed at assessing genetic diversity and relationships present among 135 accessions in the Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques (CNRA) collection, using qualitative traits. Traits analysis revealed significant...
Estimates of genetic variability in ultraviolet irradiated populations of summer squash
January 2024
Summer squash is an important member of the family Cucurbitaceae. It is one of the most popular vegetable crops cultivated in Egypt. Increasing yield and improving fruits quality are the targets for growers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the extent of genetic variations, heritability, as well as expected genetic advance for growth and yield related traits in four genotypes of summer squash subjected to three...
Purification of stilbene synthase from Phaseolus vulgaris and determination of its catalytic activity
January 2024
Stilbene compounds, secondary metabolites produced by plants in response to external environmental stimuli, are garnering increasing attention. Stilbene synthase (STS) plays a crucial role in their synthesis. This study focuses on the purification of stilbene synthase from Phaseolus vulgaris and the determination of its catalytic activity. The stilbene synthase gene obtained from the Phaseolus genome was expressed in...
Typing of enterovirus identified from Moroccan mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) by seroneutralization
January 2024
Non-poliovirus enteroviruses (NPEV) are infectious agents which can determine various illness in human such as hand-foot-mouth syndrome, angina, respiratory diseases, acute or chronic heart disease, diarrhea, pancreatitis, acute hemorrhagic and conjunctivitis. These viruses are eliminated in the stool and thus contaminate the marine environment and shellfish. In Morocco, shellfish sanitary quality analysis does not...
Inoculation effectiveness of native and exotic Bradyrhizobium species strains in a Senegalese agricultural soil: A comparison on modern and traditional peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars
December 2023
Peanut is a key component of Senegal’s predominantly cereal-based farming systems, but its production is challenged by low soil fertility. Rhizobial inoculation is a promising strategy to improve crop yield and reduce the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers. The aim of this study was to isolate the most specific and effective bradyrhizobial strain for peanut, and to determine the degree of variability in the...
Callus induction of Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl using stem nodal segment
December 2023
A study was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction of Tacca integrifolia using stem nodal segment. Fresh, dry weight and morphology of callus were evaluated and the results showed significant effects on callus induction when analyzed at a 5% level of significance. Among the treatments, Murashige and Skoog with only 6-Benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/L) produced...
Preferential expression of somatic embryogenesis in five elite genotypes of Theobroma cacao (L.) associated with explant type and protocols used
December 2023
This study aims to identify the suitable subculturing time, culture media (protocols) and explants type suitable for somatic embryogenesis expression in five elite genotypes of Theobroma cacao L. Thus, petals and staminodes explants extracted from immature flower buds of genotypes (C1, C8, C9, C14, and C16) are first grown in different media (CIM and CDM) to assess the subculturing time. Then, successive transfers in...
Isolation and molecular identification of tannase producing fungi from soil
December 2023
The study was conducted to isolate and identify tannase producing fungi from soil. Soil samples were collected aseptically and cultured on tannic acid agar (TAA) to screen for tannic acid hydrolysis. The observed isolates were sub-cultured to obtain pure culture and were later subjected to secondary screening in the Czapek medium. The biomass weight, tannase activity, and gallic acid concentration in the fermentation...
Identification of antagonistic bacterium strain and biocontrol effects on ginseng root rot disease
December 2023
From healthy mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves, 45 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated. Antagonistic bacterium strain FS17 was screened with the confront culture method, and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological characteristic and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Growth rate method was used to determine that the fermentation broth of FS17 had inhibitory effect on 10 plant pathogenic fungi, and the...
A comparative study of transgenic cotton development, impacts, challenges and prospects with respect to China and Africa
November 2023
Cotton is grown in about 101 countries with about 10 countries including China contributing highest quantity. Africa contributes less than 5% to the global demand for cotton. Processing of cotton generate so many businesses for the rural people of China and Africa. Like other cotton producing continents, the majorly cultivated species of cotton in China and Africa is Gossypium hirsutisms Gh (Upland Cotton) and is mostly...
Evaluation of viral hepatitis C screening at Institut Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire from 2012 to 2022
November 2023
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for 48% of the 1.4 million deaths from viral hepatitis worldwide. The prevalence of HCV was estimated at 5% in Côte d'Ivoire in 2015. The aim is to evaluate screening for the HCV at the Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire (IPCI) from 2012 to 2022. A retrospective study was carried out to monitor changes in screening for the anti-HCV Ac at the IPCI. The parameters of...
Efficacy of organic extracts of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) leaf and Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) seed against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions
November 2023
The maize weevil is a pest of stored maize controlled with synthetic insecticides. The widespread use of these insecticides, however, is harmful to the environment and human health. In this study, solvent extracts (SEs) and powder treatments (PTs) of Nicotiana tabacum leaves and Jatropha curcas seeds were tested for their efficacy against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. The experiment was designed in a completely...
Dynamics of the vaginal microbiome during the menstrual cycle of HIV positive and negative women in a sub-urban population of Kenya
November 2023
Vaginal microbiome (VM) is dominated by Lactobacillus for maintenance of vaginal health. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in the VM during the menstrual cycle of HIV positive (HIV+) and HIV negative (HIV-) women in a sub-urban population of Kenya. In this longitudinal study of 38 women-20 HIV+,18 HIV-high vaginal swabs were for genomic DNA and Gram stain and quantitative PCR (qPCR). qPCR nested on...
Assessment of the stability and genotype-environment interaction of a spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) collection in Burkina Faso: Application of the AMMI and GGE models
November 2023
Spider plant, Cleome gynandra L (Cleomaceae) is an important traditional leafy vegetable in Burkina Faso diets. Due to its high nutritional value and medicinal properties, it is a good dietary supplement for combating nutritional deficiencies and certain degenerative diseases. However, the lack of quality seeds and poor agronomic performance are limitations to crop improvement. The aim of the present study was to...
An optimized protocol for in vitro regeneration of tropical maize inbred lines through cell suspension and semi-protoplast cultures
October 2023
Maize being an important staple food crop is widely consumed in Kenya but its production remains low due to biotic and abiotic challenges that have not been addressed sufficiently through conventional breeding. This study sought to optimize the establishment of cell suspension and protoplast cultures for 10 tropical inbred maize genotypes in order to identify genotypes that can readily establish in liquid cultures and...
Quality evaluation of low free fatty acid and high free fatty acid crude palm oil and variation of total fatty matter and fatty acid composition in Nigerian palm oil
October 2023
Quality of palm oil determines its consumer and market acceptability and price. This correlates directly to its moisture (%), free fatty acid (% FFA) and total fatty matter (%TFM) content. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of low free fatty acid (LFFA) and high free fatty acid (HFFA) crude palm oil (CPO) samples aged 5 to 10 days, purchased from four locations in Southern Nigeria. HFFA CPO is...
Screening extracts of fungal endophytes isolated from Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst. Radlk.) for control of bean anthracnose
October 2023
Common bean is consumed in large quantities globally but it is highly susceptible to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, leading to 90 to 100% yield losses. This study investigated the bioactivity of secondary metabolites from Allophylus abyssinicus fungal endophytes against C. lindemuthianum, causing bean anthracnose. A total of 37 fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves, bark and roots of A. abyssinicus and 20%...
Effects of sound waves on conidiospores of Aspergillus oryzae strain RIB40 and characterization of the enzyme activity of rice–koji
October 2023
It was reported that the glucoamylase activity of rice-koji prepared with sound-irradiated conidiospores of yellow-koji, Aspergillus oryzae, at 16 kHz was decreased as compared with that of conidiospores that had not been sound irradiated. To reveal why the glucoamylase activity was changed, we observed the changes of the expression level of glaB encoding glucoamylase. We also determined to observe how the germination...
Introducing cotton farming by the use of transgenic cotton for phytoremediation of industrial wastes polluted soils in Southern Nigeria
October 2023
Industrialization in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria has resulted in excessive discharge of industrial wastes, especially oil spillage. Farming in this region has declined and cotton farming has not survived there due to this menace. Phytoremediation, which is an emerging green technology has been adopted for the revitalization of farming in polluted sites and has been integrated towards solving this...
Nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of natural fruit juice formulated from papaya (Carica papaya), pineapple (Ananas comosus) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
September 2023
Maintaining optimal nutrition and healthy population continues to be a global priority. The group of liquids and beverages plays an important role in human nutrition. Most beverages consumed are artificial and contain an array of chemical molecules that can be harmful to the health of consumers. Papaya, pineapple and beetroot are the most popular fruits and legumes in Cameroon with several therapeutical effects. This...
Phytochemical composition, GC-MS analysis and toxicological profiling of Gouania longipetala leaf extract in rats
September 2023
This study investigated the phytochemical composition and toxicity potentials of Gouania longipetala leaf extract in rats. Crude extract was prepared from freshly collected leaves of the plant and was subjected to phytochemical analyses including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and acute toxicity. 15 rats were used for the sub-acute toxicity evaluation, 5 rats in each group of 3, each were treated such...
Optimization of regeneration protocol and prospecting spectinomycin resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv Haider-93
September 2023
Immature zygotic embryos from spring barley cv. Haider-93 were used to induce somatic embryogenesis. The type of the explant, the level of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and handling of calli during subculture are critical factors to obtain maximum number of regenerants. Different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mg/L) and Kinetin (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L) were used for callus induction...
Molecular characterization of probiotic Enterococcus hirae from fermenting acalypha wilkesiana (Irish Petticoat) and Talinum triangulare (Water Leaf) medicinal plants
September 2023
Research on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) continues to be relevant in the development of nutraceuticals. In this study, edible medicinal Talinum triangulare and Acalypha wilkesiana were collected and subjected to spontaneous fermentation for 24 h. Samples were collected at 6 h intervals for determination of pH and microbial analysis. Determination of LAB percentage frequency occurrence, probiotic properties, and safety...
Study of the effectiveness of essential oils of Mentha aquatica L. and Pimpinella anisum L. in the microbiological stabilization of pasteurized plant extract of Cyperus esculentus L. in Mali
September 2023
This study evaluates the antimicrobial properties of essential oils of Mentha aquatica and Pimpinella anisum in the stabilization of pasteurized plant extract of Cyperus esculentus in Mali. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by steam distillation of the aerial organs of M. aquatica harvested in Bamako and the seeds of P. anisum harvested at Diré in Timbuktu Region. Aging tests were carried out by...
Expression of bioactive compounds in different pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.) in response to different fertilizer treatments
August 2023
This research aimed at evaluating four cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. with different nutrient sources to ascertain the nutrient source that would improve the soil characteristic and promote the accumulation of carotenoids and flavonoids in peppers. Four nutrient sources: poultry manure, pig manure, goat manure, and nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (NPK) were used for the study. The experiment was conducted as a 4...
Genome-wide association analysis identifies resistance loci for bacterial blight in diverse East African rice germplasm
August 2023
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease has been extensively characterized, and loci against different races identified. Many rice cultivars have been developed and utilized to combat the disease, however, due to the rapid evolution of Xoo, several resistances have broken down. The continuous challenge of ever-evolving Xoo and the breakdown of resistance in cultivated rice...
Antioxidant activities and GC-MS profiling of fractions of methanol extract of Andrographis paniculata
August 2023
This study was intended to investigate the antioxidant activities of different solvent fractions (hexane (HEX), chloroform (CHL), ethylacetate (ETHYL) and methanol (MET) fractions) of methanol extract of Andrographis paniculata and GC-MS profiling of the most active fraction (MET). The crude methanol extract was fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using total...
Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts against larvae of hide beetles, Dermestes maculatus (Degger) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
August 2023
Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts in the control of Dermestes maculatus larvae infesting stored fish (Clarias gariepinus) were investigated under laboratory condition (28±3°C and 65±5% RH). The extracts were tested by application of 2.0 µL each to ten third instars larvae using micro pipette at a concentration of 6.00,...
Current status of molecular tools development for cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] improvement
August 2023
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a popular tropical grain legume which is widely produced and consumed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The grains are rich in dietary protein for human while the haulm is high quality fodder for livestock particularly ruminants. Compared with many other crops cowpea is a laggard in development, evaluation and deployment of different molecular markers for use in genetics and breeding....
Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts against larvae of hide beetles, Dermestes maculatus (Degger) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
July 2023
Contact activities of Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) and Eugenia aromaticum (L). (Merril and Perryl) extracts in the control of Dermestes maculatus larvae infesting stored fish (Clarias gariepinus) were investigated under laboratory condition (28 ±3°C and 65±5% RH). The extracts were tested by application of 2.0 µL each to ten third instars larvae using micro pipette at a concentration of...
Propagation of cochineal scale insect free cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) by in vitro regeneration culture technique in Tigray, Ethiopia
July 2023
Cactus in northern Ethiopia is an endangered plant due to the attack by cochineal scale insect (Dactylopius coccus). The aim of this study was to micro propagate disease-free and cochineal resistance cactus pear by in vitro regeneration culturing technique. The study started with young cladodes carefully removed from mother plants. The surface-sterilized 1 cm2 cladode with one areole was cultured on shoot initiation MS...
The use of microsatellites in the characterization of three plantain cultivars from the Democratic Republic of Congo
June 2023
Knowledge of the genetic variability of plantain cultivars in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is limited. This study assessed genetic diversity and relationships in three plantain accessions differing in pseudostem color at seven microsatellite loci using SSR markers. DNA was extracted from banana leaves, and PCR was performed with unlabeled and fluorescent-labeled SSR primers and eventual capillary...
Bioactive compounds from Juniperus procera (Cupressaceae) with activity against common bean bacterial pathogens
June 2023
Common bean is an important source of protein in sub-Saharan Africa but its production is constrained by various factors especially bacterial diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate compounds from Juniperus procera for bioactivity against common bean pathogens, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. Solvent extraction method was used to obtain crude extracts from the...
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