Isolation and characterization of heavy metals resistant Rhizobium isolates from different governorates in Egypt
March 2017
Contamination of soil with heavy metals is one of the major environmental problems in many countries that reach from many sources as power stations, application of metal pesticides, fertilizers, and sewage sludge. In this study, ten Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae isolates were collected from different governorates in Egypt (Menoufia, Kafr El-Sheikh, Qalubia, Fayoum, Ismailia, Sharkya, Dakhalia, Behira and North...
Evaluation and association mapping of agronomic traits for drought tolerance in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
March 2017
Drought is the major sorghum production constraint in Ethopia which necessitates the identification of sorghum genotypes that carry genes (quantitative trait locus, QTL) associated with drought tolerance thereby developing drought tolerant sorghum varieties. The objectives of this study were to identify drought tolerant sorghum genotypes, map chromosomal regions (QTLs) associated with agronomically important traits and...
Efficiency of the partial substitution of agar with potato starch on the growth and phytochemical parameters of lulo (Solanum quitoense) cultured in vitro
March 2017
The demand for agar, thanks to its different uses, generates the need to look for alternative substances that replace it. This work studied the influence of four different additions of potato starch into agar media (T1 = 50%, T2 = 45%, T3 = 40% and T4 = 0%) on the growth and chemical composition of essential oils of lulo (Solanum quitoense) explants cultured in vitro. The lengths, fresh and dry biomass weights, and...
Bioactivity of ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia pulcherrima on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
March 2017
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous species which attacks many economically important crops in several countries. This insect is an important pest of corn, and currently the most widely used control method is chemical. In order to minimize environmental impacts, other forms of control have been tried, and accordingly, the investigation of plants with...
Differentiation of Urochloa brizantha cultivars by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers in seed samples
March 2017
Approximately 80-90% of cultivated grassland areas in Brazil are covered by Urochloa brizantha [syn. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf.]. Some genotypes of Urochloa have being widely used with a wrong nomenclature, like species and cultivars. In this way, the Urochloa cultivar identification is primordial for breeding programs and seed production. Considering the importance of genetic purity in...
In vitro evaluation of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented Shamita and Kocho for their desirable characteristics as probiotics
March 2017
The study was conducted to evaluate in vitro probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented Shamita and Kocho. Sixteen samples, 8 each of Shamita and Kocho, were collected from Arat-Kilo and Merkato sites in Addis Ababa, respectively. The average pH values of Shamita and Kocho samples were 3.52 and 3.44, respectively. A total of 140 LAB were isolated, of which 101 isolates (72%) were found to...
Ethanolic Allium sativum extract down-regulates the pelF gene involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation
March 2017
Exploration of efficacious plant extracts that can reduce or inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation is necessary. Allium sativum is a suitable candidate because of its relative abundance. This study was carried out to determine the effect of ethanolic A. sativum extract on the expression of the P. aeruginosa biofilm gene, pelF. The presence of the pelF gene in the isolates used for this study was confirmed via...
A study on metallo-β-lactamases producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples from various parts of Malaysia
March 2017
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative aerobic rod shaped bacterium and is an opportunistic pathogen that usually causes nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patient with various infections and affects normal healthy human as well. P. aeruginosa is also an omnipresent pathogen that can be inhabited in soil, water, vegetable, human and animal. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) producing P. aeruginosa are known to...
PCR validation of predicted virulence factors in a collection of Xanthomonas campestris (pv. musacearum and vascolurum) strains
March 2017
Bacterial plant pathogens belonging to the Xanthomonas genus are adapted to their host plants and are not known to colonize other environments. Xanthomonas colonize host parts such as leaves, stems and roots before entering vascular tissues and engaging in an invasive pathogenic phase. These bacterial strains have evolved strategies to adapt to life in this environment. The host-pathogen interactions of Xanthomonas...
Microsatellite, inter simple sequence repeat and biochemical analyses of Rosa genotypes from Saudi Arabia
March 2017
Rosa damascena Mill. as a main economic crop in the world is planted for beauty and essential oil production in Ta’if region. For the management and improvement of this important crop, genetic variability was evaluated amongst six Rosa genotypes grown in different plantations using microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and biochemical markers. The six SSR primers showed...
Evaluation of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of two artificial sweeteners by using eukaryotic test systems
March 2017
Considering the vast use of sweeteners by the Brazilian population and the constant need for toxicological studies of food additives, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potentials of the sodium saccharin and/or sodium cyclamate sweeteners in plant (Allium cepa) and animal (Mus musculus) test systems based on concentrations permitted by the Brazilian laws. In A. cepa, both the sweeteners...
Proteins patterns of eight genera of the Asteraceae family
March 2017
Asteraceae family grows as wild plants in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia near the Gulf coast with prevalent high humidity coupled with more moderate temperatures. Eight genera were collected during the flowering season to study genetic diversity according to protein patterns for each plant. The protein patterns showed different numbers of bands, concentrations, molecular weight and intensity. Two common bands were...
Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) based diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus in Panama
March 2017
The bovine leukemia virus is an exogenous retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis. The aim of this study was to apply and compare a diagnostic test in an outbreak of bovine leukemia virus by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a core conservation of native cattle Guaymí. From the results obtained by the three techniques used, the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test detected 33 positive...
Effect of two different habitats on some primary and secondary phytochemicals of Miswak (Salvadora persica L.)
March 2017
Salvadora persica is a popular medicinal plant in the Middle East countries. It is well adapted to a wide range of habitats. In this study we have compared the effect of two different habitats (Al-ahsabah valley and Shada Mountain) in Al-Baha City, south west of Saudi Arabia on the content of some primary and secondary metabolites in S. persica. The results show that soil texture, soil moisture and organic matter...
Post-treatment of municipal sewer in shallow polishing ponds
March 2017
This work aims to investigate the influence of polishing ponds (PP) depth on the post-treatment of sanitary sewers. Two treatment systems were designed and monitored. One system was an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) rector and intermittent flow sand filter; followed by a PP of 0.20 m depth with low superficial application rate (24.9 kgBOD5.ha-1.day-1), high sunlight incidence (597 Wm-2) and enough biological...
Characterization of actinobacteria from the semiarid region, and their antagonistic effect on strains of rhizobia
March 2017
The actinobacteria are the most abundant bacterial group in the soil, where they present different characteristics and antagonistic effects on other microorganisms. The objectives of this study were to characterize and evaluate the antagonistic effect of actinobacteria from the semiarid region on rhizobia from the same climatic region. Tests were performed to observe chromogenic and micro-morphological characteristics,...
Micropropagation of Peach, Prunus persica (L.) BATSCH. cv. Garnem
March 2017
The present study aimed to develop micropropagation procedure for Prunus persica cv. Garnem. Shoot induction and multiplication was found from nodal explants cultured on MS medium fortified with different concentrations of two cytokinins (6-benzyladeninepourine and Kinetin) alone and in combination with 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid and 0.01 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. Microplantlets were cultured to root on ½...
Molecular characterization of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
March 2017
Quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willdenow) is a pseudocereal of Amaranthace family which originated from the Andes of South America. Quinoa is an interesting plant whose capacity to tolerate adverse environmental factors and exceptional nutritional qualities warrant further research in all fields of plant biology, agronomy, ecology and biotechnology. Presently, it is an underutilized crop, which has the potential become a...
Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose before and after enzymatic hydrolysis
March 2017
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced by bacteria such as Gluconacetobacter xylinus. It has unique structural and mechanical properties and is highly pure as compared to plant cellulose. In this study, BC was produced in Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium. G. xylinus produced an average dry yield of 1.4 ± 0.09 g/L BC after 9 days of fermentation period. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed BC to be...
Banana influences on differential expression of hypersensitive response and pathogenicity gene f (hrpf) in Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum
March 2017
Banana Xanthomonas wilt is a devastating disease of cultivated banana in East and Central Africa, manifesting as initial leaf wilting, premature fruit ripening and eventual death of all infected plants leading to total yield loss. In order to contribute towards development of effective disease control options, hrpf expression by Xanthomonas campestris pv musacearum (Xcm) during establishment of Xanthomonas wilt...
Refinement of protocol for rapid clonal regeneration of economical bamboo, Bambusa balcooa in the agroclimatic conditions of Bihar, India
March 2017
Bambusa balcooa is a commercially important bamboo. The present study was undertaken for refinement of protocol for the rapid and mass production of this species of bamboo in agroclimatic condition of Bihar. Micro-clonal propagation techniques have been employed for the study. This technique is the only method for the large scale production of B. balcooa. Explants were collected from Bamboo setum from TNB College...
Molecular characterization of introduced sugarcane genotypes in Ethiopia using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers
March 2017
The major thrust of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) variety improvement programs is to increase sugar yield in addition to biomass and energy cane for biofuel production. However, due to its genetic complexity, sugarcane has received very little research interest, despite its economic importance, and molecular marker techniques are being developed only in recent times. Furthermore, until the present date few molecular...
Effect of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Mentha piperita on fungal growth and morphology
March 2017
This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum B. and Mentha piperita L. on some saprophytic fungi. Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation, and chemical composition was analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). T. vulgaris had as major components, Thymol (35.12%), p-cymene (25.36%) and γ–terpinene...
Comparative study of native microorganisms isolated from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) waste and commercial microorganism (Clostridium thermocellum) used for bioethanol production
March 2017
This study was to examine the efficiency of native microorganisms, in relation to the commercial bacterium Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 for bioethanol production from waste watermelon on a pilot scale. The raw material was subjected to a grinding process for the later stage of hydrolysis under different temperatures using Aspergillus fumigatus and Leuconostoc dextranicum native microorganisms. This was followed...
Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by secondary metabolites from Moringa oleifera stem and their antimicrobial properties
March 2017
Biological extracts have recently shown a great potential for rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with antibacterial activity. AgNPs were synthetized by reduction effect of secondary metabolites produced by the Nigrospora sp. fungus, from Moringa oleifera stem as a reducing agent and silver nitrate (AgNO3) (1 mM) as salt precursor. The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) was monitored through analysis of the...
An improved protocol for in vitro propagation of the medicinal plant Mimosa pudica L.
March 2017
This work aimed to develop a protocol for the in vitro establishment, multiplication, rooting and ex vitro acclimatization of Mimosa pudica L., a species used in folk medicine and with pharmacological activity. Aseptic cultures were established from seeds inoculated in MS medium, without growth regulators, followed by an in vitro stabilization phase in culture medium supplemented with 2.22 μM BAP. The cultures were...
Biodegradation of monocrotophos by bacteria isolated from soil
March 2017
Bacteria were isolated by enrichment culture technique from groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) soils and tested for their ability to degrade monocrotophos in mineral salts medium under aerobic conditions in the laboratory. Based on some of the morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were identified as Rhodococcus phenolicus strain MCP1 and Rhodococcus ruber strain MCP-2. The initial (0-day) recovery...
Quality characteristics of dried persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) of different fruit sizes
March 2017
Fruits of persimmon are considered as one of the health promoting foods which has been established as one of the major fruits in Korea. Persimmon is one of the fruits processed mainly by drying. Quality characteristics of dried persimmon prepared with different fruit sizes of cultivar Sanggandungsi were investigated. Smaller sized fruits showed significantly high weight loss as compared to bigger ones due to drying. On...
Hybrids performance of doubled haploid lines derived from 10 tropical bi-parental maize populations evaluated in contrasting environments in Kenya
February 2017
The doubled haploid (DH) technology enables maize breeders to develop a large number of homozygous lines rapidly and test them in hybrid combinations early in the breeding cycle. The objectives of this study were to evaluate testcross performance of 556 DH lines derived from 10 diverse tropical backcross (BC1) populations, and to estimate variance components and broad-sense heritability under both well-watered and...
Blood biochemical profile of Sudanese crossbred repeat breeder cows
February 2017
Repeat breeder (RB) is a cow that fails to conceive from three or more successive insemination, but with normal estrus and absence of detectable clinical abnormalities. It is one of the major problems in dairy production. In the present study, the plasma biochemistry of Sudanese crossbred RB cows was examined. Plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), total protein (TP) and urea nitrogen were...
Effect of mineral salts and nitrogen source on yeast (Candida utilis NOY1) biomass production using tubers wastes
February 2017
The deficiency of protein in human food and animal feed is well recognized due to the rapid growth of population. It is therefore, important to increase protein production by utilizing all the available ways and means. In the light of this, an attempt was made in this study by selecting Candida utilis NOY1. This yeast was used to determine the optimum concentration of different minerals salts and nitrogen source on...
Genetic diversity and population structure of traditional sweet cassava accessions from Southern of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, using microsatellite markers
February 2017
Sweet cassava is a food culture of great importance because it is a source of nutrition and energy for millions of people in tropical and sub-tropical regions. For that reason, genetic diversity and population structure studies are necessary in order to obtain more information regarding the evaluated genotypes, reassuring their use in future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic...
Evaluation of some biological activities of Euglena gracilis biomass produced by a fed-batch culture with some crop fertilizers
February 2017
The feasibility of growing Euglena gracilis in some crop fertilizers was investigated and some biological activities of the produced biomass were evaluated. A fed-batch mixotrophic culture was done in an airlift photobioreactor operated at an aeration rate of 0.2 vvm. A final biomass concentration of 2.6 gL-1 obtained with NPK15:15:15 after 96 h of cultivation was significantly lower than the 5.7 gL-1 obtained with BGII...
Identification of superior soybean lines by assessing genetic parameters and path analysis of grain yield components
February 2017
This study estimated genetic parameters, identified traits of direct and indirect correlation with the grain yield through path analysis and select superior lines, maximizing genetic gain. Two experiments were conducted in 2012/2013 season in randomized blocks with three replications. 23 lines (experiment I) and 44 lines (experiment II) were seeded. For all traits analyzed in both experiments, there was a significant...
Assessment of genetic variations of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in the Volta Lake of Ghana using microsatellite markers
February 2017
A study was conducted to investigate genetic diversity and population structure among populations of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) in the Volta Lake of Ghana using microsatellite markers. Four hundred (400) fish specimens were obtained from nine naturally occurring subpopulations and one selectively bred strain, ‘Akosombo strain’. These were characterized using 15 microsatellite loci. Twelve...
Uses and technological prospects for the mangaba, a native fruit of Brazil
February 2017
Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes - Apocynaceae) is a native fruit of Brazil which is of great importance in its areas of occurrence. This species has been subjected to habitat fragmentation that is mainly due to human activity, and requires conservation. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the biotechnological advances in the species. This paper deals with recent studies on the genetic diversity and bioactive...
Qualitative detection of genetically modified material in crops and food products containing maize and soybean in Algeria
February 2017
The present study was carried out to ascertain the genetic status of soybean and maize crops introduced in Algeria and to test local and imported products containing maize and soybean for the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMO into the food and feed chain). Samples from crops and processed food products were selected, randomly sampled and screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the...
Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya
February 2017
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that inhabit diverse ecological habitats ranging from freshwater and brackish water to seawater and wastewater. They are also especially equipped to thrive in extreme temperatures and pH conditions. Decades of research have highlighted their potential as sources of biofuels, foods, feeds and high-value bio-actives. However, industrial-scale cultivation of microalgae is...
Expression stability of reference genes in the skeletal muscles of beef cattle
February 2017
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relative expression stability of five candidate reference genes in the semimembranosus (SM) and longissimus thoracis (LT) of beef steers, heifers and young bulls. The mRNA levels of Beta-Actin, eukaryotic initiation factor-2B Subunit 2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, peptidylprolyl isomerase-A and succinate dehydrogenase complex-subunit A were quantified using...
The potential of Aspergillus species in transformation of agricultural products for sustainable production of textile and leather industries in Tanzania
February 2017
Manufacturing industries contribute about 8% of the gross domestic products (GDP) whereas leather and textile industries supply 18% employments of manufacturing industries in Tanzania. Manufacturing industries merely depend on agriculture for raw materials and other inputs. However, processing of leather and textiles requires a lot of inputs, many of them supplied from agricultural produce and some are imported from...
Influence of Suillus luteus on Fusarium damping-off in pine seedlings
February 2017
The role of the ectomycorrhizal (Myc) fungus Suillus luteus as a biological control agent against damping off caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Fo) and Fusarium oxysporum (Fm) on Scots (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) was studied in a greenhouse experiment. The vegetative mycelium of S. luteus in a vermiculite/peat carrier was added to potting substrate before inoculation with Fo or Fm spores...
The ameliorative role of cranberry extract and bone marrow cells against chlorambucil cytotoxicity in rat fertility
February 2017
The objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of cranberry extracts and bone marrow cells against chlorambucil (CHB) effect on rats' fertility. Forty adult male albino rats were divided randomly into eight equal groups as the following; normal control, rats injected orally with 0.2 mg/kg of CHB for 14 days, rats injected orally with 100 mg/kg of cranberry extract (CB) for ten days,...
Tradescantia pallida as a biomonitoring tool to assess the influence of vehicle exhaustion and benzene derivatives
February 2017
Air pollutants affect their quality, making, inappropriate, harmful and damaging to health in general. The air quality can be measured by the use of higher plants as bioindicators in environmental biomonitoring. In this study, we evaluated the increased frequency of micronuclei (MN) in Tradescantia pallida exposed to potentially toxic environments. The vegetables were implanted in five points (4 test and 1 control) for...
Plant physiological stimulation by seeds salt priming in maize (Zea mays): Prospect for salt tolerance
February 2017
Nowadays to lessen the influence of salinity on crop performances such as germination, seedling growth and yield, several actions are undertaken; for example the use of different priming methods, antioxidants and plant growth controllers. Seed priming, best fits in this study on maize crop and is controlled by hydration process followed by re-drying that allows pre-germination which enhanced metabolic activities to...
Phytochemical importance and utilization potential of grape residue from wine production
February 2017
Grapes are placed at a distinct position, both in the economy and at nutritional and phytochemical levels. The number of studies performed aimed at identifying the various bioactive compounds of grapes, how their cellular structures are linked, efficient methods of extraction and its effect on human health are rather relevant. The use of grapes for wine production is a worldwide activity, therefore a great quantity of...
Nanoscale development and its application in multidisciplinary area: An African perspective
February 2017
The need to fulfil and address the United Nations millennium goals in developing countries is essential and recently nanotechnology has proved and shown potential to change and improve many sectors of African industry, from consumer products to health care to transportation, energy and agriculture. In addition to these societal benefits, nanotechnology presents new opportunities to improve how we measure, monitor,...
Use of biosurfactant surfactin produced from cassava wastewater for anaerobic treatment of effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse
February 2017
The use of a biosurfactant surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis LB5a in cassava growth medium (cassava wastewater) was evaluated to treat anaerobically, the effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse. During the effluent pretreatment, effects of surfactin concentration factors were evaluated, considering the ones which were superior and below its critical micelle concentration (CMC = 28 mg L-1): 6, 13, 27, 31, 48, 73 and...
Optimization of biomass and glucoamylase production by Candida famata using response surface methodology
February 2017
Glucoamylase is among the most important enzymes in biotechnology. The present study aims to determine better conditions for growth and glucoamylase productivity by Candida famata and to reduce the overall cost of the medium using central composite design (CCD) with one central point and response surface methodology. A three-level central composite design (CCD) factorial design based was employed to obtain optimal...
Effect of activators and inhibitors on extracellular thermostable alkaline protease isolated from Bacillus subtilis obtained from eastern province of Saudi Arabia
February 2017
Alkaline proteases need some ions to achieve highest activity. These metallic ions help in, enzyme stability and activity through its thermal stability at high degrees. This protects the enzyme from being destroyed by heat. The results show that the ideal condition for enzyme activity was, using Mn2+ ions as the activator with 1112.5 U/ml activity, while MgSO4.7H2O has lower effectiveness of an enzyme activity...
Selection of filamentous fungi producing lipases from residual waters of slaughterhouses
February 2017
The exploration and use of lipases produced by microorganisms are in line with societal concerns since they provide clean development options within the standards of environmental sustainability. The objective of this work was therefore to isolate microorganisms with the potential of producing lipases, which could be used in the waste water treatment systems of slaughterhouse units. Waste water samples were collected...
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