Medicinal plant use and conservation practices by communities in the Togo Plateau Forest Reserve, Ghana
December 2018
The use of plants for medicine has constituted an important aspect of primary healthcare delivery system of people throughout the world for many centuries. Nonetheless, information on medicinal plants and their conservation are still lacking in some areas, including the Togo Plateau Forest Reserve in Ghana. This paper investigates the ethnobotany of the Togo Plateau Forest Reserve, Ghana, to document the traditional...
Comparative analysis of capsaicin in twenty nine varieties of unexplored Capsicum and its antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens
December 2018
In this study, the capsaicin content of chile pepper extracts from 29 unexplored varieties of Capsicum (twenty five varieties of Capsicum chinense and five of Capsicum annuum) was quantified and correlated with the antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The capsaicin content and bactericidal activity against numerous human pathogens (Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes,...
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial and combinational effects of medicinal plants used by Bapedi traditional healers to prepare herbal mixtures
December 2018
The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological activities of some plant species used in the preparation of herbal mixtures and determine the combinational effects. The plant materials were collected from traders who use them to prepare herbal mixtures claimed to be blood purifiers, pain-relievers, anti-diarrheal and aphrodisiac medicines. An aqueous decoction of each plant species was prepared. Thin layer...
Hepato-protective potentials of Sterculia setigera stem-bark extract on acetominophen induced hepato toxicity in Wistar albino rats
December 2018
The study was set to investigate the potency of stem bark extract of Sterculia setigera as a hepato-protective agent against acute administration (overdose) of acetaminophen in experimental animals. Experimental animals were grouped into six treatments with each group containing five rats. Group 1 was the placebo, Group II was the standard treatment orally administered acetaminophen at a dosage of 250 mg/kgbw and...
Ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used to treat diseases in selected districts of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
December 2018
This study was conducted in four districts of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess medicinal plants found in Menz gera, Siyadebirna Wayu, Antsokiya gemza and Bugna districts, Amhara region, Ethiopia. The ethnobotanical surveys were carried out from September 2017 to June 2018 using a semi-structured checklist consisting of questions or issues prepared in advance. Two separate questionnaires were...
Selenium-enriched polysaccharides from pyracantha fortuneana (Se-PFPs) augment docetaxel-induced tumor suppression in human ovarian cancer
December 2018
Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) contains many healthy ingredients, including selenium-enriched polysaccharides. Selenium-enriched polysaccharides from P. fortuneana (Se-PFPs) have anti-mutation and anti-oxidation activities, along with anti-tumor activity in ovarian cancer and breast cancer cells. Docetaxel (DTX) is widely applied in therapeutic treatment for ovarian cancer. However, its use in clinics is restricted due...
Bio-guided anti-cariogenic and phytochemical valorization of Guiera senegalensis and Pseudocedrela kotschyi stem extracts
November 2018
The objective of the present study is to carry out bio-guided phytochemical investigation of Guiera senegalensis and Pseudocedrela kotschyi stem extracts. The two plants are used as toothpicks for oral hygiene. The inhibition test revealed a bacteriostatic effect of hexane extract PK1 of P. kotschyi against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 20560, two bacterial cariogenic strains, with a...
Evaluation of the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and anti-radical activities of Mitracarpus scaber (Rubiaceae)
November 2018
Mitracarpus scaber is a medicinal plant used in traditional practices for the treatment of dermatoses and liver diseases. The objective of this study was to quantify the content of phenolic compounds and to evaluate the anti-radical and antimicrobial activities of four types of its total extracts on ten microbial strains. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine total phenol content, condensed tannin content by...
In vivo efficacy of Dialium guineense fruit pulp on hemeoxygenase-1 and angiotensin converting enzyme in experimental diabetes
November 2018
The study aims to investigate the effect of aqueous fruit pulp of Dialium guineense on hemeoxygenase, and insulin release, inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and possible hypoglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty four male Wistar rats were grouped into control, diabetic (Dm), diabetic + 300 mg/kg body weight Dialium guineese (Dm+ DG) and diabetic + 100 mg/kg metformin (Dm +MET). Apart...
Effect of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum on acetaminophen induced renal toxicity in male wistar rats
November 2018
The need for an alternative means of managing renal toxicity has become necessary instead of kidney transplant. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum (AEOG) on acetaminophen (ACE) induced renal toxicity. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) with five rats in each group. Group 1 served as the normal control and received normal saline as...
Evaluation of herbal cocktail used in the treatment of malaria on liver tissue of adult Wistar rats
November 2018
Interest is renewed in herbal medicine since it is believed it has less side effects and is safer. In addition, there has been continued demand to obtain more drugs from plant sources to alleviate various ailments of mankind. This study is aimed at investigating the antimalarial activity in an herbal cocktail and individual plant extracts contained on Plasmodium berghei in infected Wistar rats. Thirty five Wistar rats...
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of ethanolic extracts of Elateriospermum tapos Blume (Euphorbiaceae)
November 2018
Phytochemicals possessing free radical scavenging and antiproliferative activities play an important role in cancer chemoprevention. In this study, the ethanolic extracts prepared from fresh and dried leaves, bark, and seed skin of Pra (Elateriospermum tapos Blume.) were tested for their antioxidant activity using a ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. The antiproliferative activities against four human...
In vitro antibacterial and antidiarraheic activity of root bark extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (Combretaceae) during an experimental bacterial diarrhea induced by Escherichia coli extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in albino Wistar rats
November 2018
The present study was conducted to investigate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of the root bark extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill. & Perr, in Escherichia coli extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-induced diarrhea in rat. The antibacterial activity was performed in vitro by determining the inhibition zone using standard agar diffusion method as well as in vivo on E. coli infected Wistar...
Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Albizia anthelmintica as a medicinal plant on pathogenic veterinary isolates
November 2018
Albizia anthelmintica is a medicinal plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is widely used by smallholder farmers and pastoralists to treat internal parasites in their livestock. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of A. anthelmintica on pathogenic veterinary isolates. 100% hexane (He100), 100% chloroform (Ch100), 100% ethanol (E100), and 70% ethanol (E70) extracts of the roots...
A review on the botanical aspects, phytochemical contents and pharmacological activities of Warburgia ugandensis
November 2018
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Family Canellacea) commonly known as Ugandan greenheart or pepper bark tree, is a highly valued medicinal plant in traditional medicine with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity whose parts especially the leaves and stem bark have for long been used in the treatment and management of many diseases and health conditions such as stomachache, cough, toothache, fever, malaria, oral...
In vivo antitumor effect of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum in the sarcoma 180 murine model
October 2018
Punica granatum, specifically the fruit, has a long ethno medical history and is a phytochemical reservoir of great medicinal value. The phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of all P. granatum components suggest a wide range of clinical applications. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anticancer potential of aqueous extract of P. granatum (AEPG) in experimental models. The chemical composition of...
Effects of methanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on body weight, blood cholesterol and liver marker enzymes in Wistar rats
October 2018
Eighty male albino rats were used to investigate the effects of methanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on body weight, blood cholesterol and liver enzymes markers. Twenty-eight days oral administration of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract showed a significant (p<0.05) time-dependent decrease in the body weights of all the treated groups when compared with the control, with 100 mg/kg...
Knowledge of medicinal plants used by residents in two peripheral districts of Boa Vista, Roraima, Northern Brazilian Amazon: Phytotherapy as a new strategy in collective health
October 2018
The aim of the study was to describe local knowledge about the use of medicinal plants cited by study participants, as well as to examine how phytotherapy serves as an important strategy of integrative and complementary practice in coping with health problems. The research is characterized as an exploratory study of the descriptive type. Non-probabilistic snowball sampling generated a sample of one hundred and ten...
Malaria parasite clearance rate of crude methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei
October 2018
This study aims to determine the malaria parasite clearance rate of crude methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. P. berghei was injected in mice and left for 3 days for establishment. Blood sample collected and diluted with phosphate buffer saline was used for infection. Five (5) groups of animals (mice) were used in this study each...
Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities of the wood extracts of Tabebuia avellanedae from the Cerrado of Brazil
October 2018
Tabebuia avellanedae is an important timber source belonging to the family of Bignoniaceae. The latter is known for its richness in terms of variety of bioactive chemical constituents, and it has been used in folk medicine for treatment of various diseases. The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities of the wood extracts of T. avellanedae from the...
Antiviral effect of the seaweed Osmundaria obtusiloba against the Zika virus
October 2018
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne member of the family Flaviviridae, is a human pathogen of global significance. Recently, ZIKV, has become a public health problem with increases in numbers of cases and a strong association between ZIKV outbreaks and the spread of cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and microcephaly. In this study, the extracts of the seaweed Osmundaria obtusiloba (O. obtusiloba) (native to the...
Medicinal plants used for the management of hepatic ailments in Katsina State, Nigeria
September 2018
People in Katsina State, Nigeria have been using medicinal plants to cure several ailments associated with liver since time immemorial; however the use of such plants was never documented. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted to document the medicinal plants used for the management of hepatic ailments in Katsina State, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire method was adopted to interview 150...
Antioxidant activity of extracts from Schinus molle L. and Gleditsia triacanthos L.
September 2018
Methanolic and chloroform extracts obtained from various parts of Schinus molle and Gleditsia triacanthos were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The methanolic extracts from S. molle showed scavenging activity ranging from 35.97±1.02 to 83.38±2.74%, while the chloroform seed extract showed relatively weak scavenging activity ranging from 8.20±1.02 to 68.82±3.17%. The IC50 values of...
Evaluation of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of fractions from selected medicinal plants used traditionally for treating cough and respiratory disorders in South West of Nigeria
September 2018
Tuberculosis is a contagious airborne infection that mostly affects the lungs. The causative agent of tuberculosis in human is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The emergence and dissemination of M. tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs represent a growing public health threat. Fractions from Alafia barteri, Chasmanthera dependence, Chrysophyllum albidum, Emilia coccinea, Mezoneuron...
Anti-oxidant and anti-microbial study of Adiantum capillus veneris and Pteris quadriureta L
September 2018
Adiantum capillus veneris (ACV) and Pteris quadriureta (PQ), two common ferns belonging to Pteridophyta family, has been used in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine against numerous human ailments since ancient times. This study was designed to analyse the presence of various phytochemicals in the ACV and PQ leaves and their pharmacological activities. The methanol extract of ACV and PQ leaves was screened for the...
A comparative study of the histopathological modifications of adrenal gland in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats administered with selected herbal plants versus Glimepiride
September 2018
This study investigated the comparative study of four herbal extract versus Glimepiride on the histomorphological modification of adrenal gland in STZ induced diabetic rats with a view to understanding their antidiabetic properties. Forty- two healthy adult Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) with an average weight of 153.4 g were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6). STZ (65 mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer was...
Evaluation of antiplasmodial potential of Aloe barbadensis and Allium sativum on plasmodium berghei-infected mice
August 2018
A significant percentage of the developing countries are living in malaria-endemic communities and are prone to contacting the disease. The fight against malaria is faced with the occurrence of widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the available anti-malarial drugs. Thus, this study evaluates the anti-malarial activity of extracts of Aloe barbadensis and Allium sativum in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. To...
Medicine bottled (garrafada): Rescue of the popular knowledge
August 2018
Using plants to treat health problems is an ancient practice that is still practiced today. One way that plants are used to improve health is through medicine bottled (garrafada). A medicine bottled is a homemade mixture of medicinal plants added to a solvent. Medicines bottled are medicinal mixtures that have been widely used, especially by residents of rural areas. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine...
Comparison of several hydrophilic extracts of Polypodium leucotomos reveals different antioxidant moieties and photoprotective effects in vitro
August 2018
Oral photoprotection can be used to prevent photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. It is mainly based on the presence of antioxidant moieties in phytochemical extracts. The appearance of different botanical formulations endowed with apparently similar properties requires their side-by-side examination using an unbiased approach. The objectives of this study were to determine the antioxidant properties of several extracts...
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local people in Menz Gera Midir District, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
August 2018
This study was conducted in Menz Gera Midir (Ethiopia) to document medicinal plants and related indigenous knowledge of local people. Data were collected from 72 (12 of them key) informants using semi-structured interview, group discussion and guided field walk. Priority ranking, paired comparison and direct matrix ranking were used in data analysis. A total of 155 medicinal plant species, 104 (67.1%) from natural...
Evaluating the antipyretic activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves of Artemisia Annua in mice
August 2018
Phytomedicines obtained from herbal sources are in great demand as they are able to cure many infectious diseases. Artemisia annua is an herbaceous plant that belongs to Composite family. As traditional medicine, it is used for cancer, ulcer, rheumatic pain and other ailments including fever in children. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antipyretic activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of...
Plants and their metabolites against Streptococcus mutans
July 2018
Oral diseases represent a major public health problem, especially for economically marginalized communities with limited access to health services. In addition, the constant increase in bacterial resistance to many of the antibiotics contributes to worsen the problem. In this context, great importance had been given to natural compounds for the discovery of new drugs that contribute to the prevention and control of oral...
Medicinal plants used in the treatment of livestock diseases in Berbere district of Bale zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia
July 2018
An ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants used by local people of Berbere district was carried out from June 25 to September 5, 2015. The study was focused on utilization of medicinal plants to treat various livestock health problems by people of the study area. The data were gathered using semi-structured interview, participant observation and personal interviews. A total of 69 informants (55 male and 14 female) in...
Quantitative analyses of phytochemical and trace elements contents of daily detox, herbal tea consumed in Nigeria
July 2018
Tea is one of the commonest drinks in most homes. Many people consume tea due to its unique taste and associated health benefits. Several medical disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus have been linked to the excessive generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Studies conducted on Daily Detox, a tea consumed by many Nigerians have been limited to qualitative assessment of...
Spermostatic activity of Eugenia brejoensis and Myroxylon peruiferum essential oils toward human spermatozoa
July 2018
In this study, the in vitro spermostatic action, hemolytic action in combination of parabens of two essential oils (EOs) from Eugenia brejoensis Mazin (Myrtaceae, EbEO) and Myroxylon peruiferum L. (Fabaceae, MpEO) is reported, in addition to the first chemical characterization of MpEO. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Different concentrations...
Evaluation of Procavia capensis hyraceum used in traditional medicine for antioxidant activity
July 2018
Hyraceum (HM) used in traditional medicine in Southern Africa is produced by the herbivore Procavia capensis. It is fossilized excreta derived from urine, faecal matter and plant material. In this study a qualitative phytochemical screening, determination of the in vitro antioxidant activity using the 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods, and determination of the total phenolic...
Towards accomplishing the roll back malaria initiative: Phytochemical screening and antimalarial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae)
July 2018
Malaria is a major debilitating disease caused by Plasmodium species and spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes. This research was conducted to determine the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extracts of Ricinus communis L. against Plasmodium berghei (NK65) infection in mice. Phytochemical components of the extract were analyzed and elucidated in order to reveal the constituents with antimalarial potentials. The safety of the...
The “Doctrine of Signatures†in herbal prescriptions in Ikale and Ilaje communities of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria
June 2018
The knowledge and application of the notion of “doctrine of signatures or correspondences” was evaluated among the Ikale and Ilaje people of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria. Information was solicited by administering questionnaires to one hundred and five (105) informants. Periodic field observations were also made. The research yielded 60 plants belonging to 37 families. The plants have characteristics...
Ameliorative effects of glabridin on the structure and function of pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
June 2018
Several studies highlight beneficial effect of glabridin as an anti-hyperglycemic agent. However, the protective mechanisms of glabridin on improvement of pancreatic islets damage due to streptozotocin (STZ) exposure have not been adequately investigated. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of glabridin on restoration of pancreatic islet architecture, at least in part by restoring collagen I and...
An ethno-veterinary survey of medicinal plants used to treat bacterial diseases of livestock in three geographical areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
June 2018
An ethno-veterinary survey of plants used to treat certain bacterial diseases of livestock in three geographical areas of the Eastern Cape was conducted during 2013 to 2014. A purposive sampling technique was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire and field observations to document indigenous knowledge in 48 communal households. From the respondents of the 48 households, 64.6% men and 35.4% women were...
Acute toxicity evaluation of ethanol extract of red algae, Osmundaria obtusiloba, in BALB/c mice
June 2018
The genus Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Ceramilaes, Rhodomelaceae) comprises tropical and temperate regions red marine seaweeds species. Osmundaria obtusiloba is distributed from the northeastern coast of Brazil to the state of Rio de Janeiro. Studies with ethanol extract of red seaweed O. obtusiloba showed the antiviral potential of this alga. Hence, this study examined in BALB/c mice the acute toxicity after oral...
Evaluation of Procavia capensis hyraceum used in traditional medicine for modulation of mutagen-induced genotoxicity
June 2018
Hyraceum (HM) is used in traditional medicine in Southern Africa. Three concentrations of HM (mg/ml in distilled water) (0.0156, 0.03125 and 0.0625) were assessed for cytotoxicity (CT), genotoxicity (GT) and modulation of cyclophosphamide (CP)- and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced GT using the Allium cepa assay following 24 h treatment. CP (1.00 mg/ml) and EMS (0.0375 mg/ml) were not cytotoxic but genotoxic....
Phytochemical screening and peroxide value determination of methanolic extract of four traditional medicinal plants from Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia
May 2018
Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing of different disease. Terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins are some of bioactive compounds present in different parts of medicinal plants. Qualitative identification of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity determination of crude extracts of the leaves of four different...
In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Pistacia lentiscus, Phyllanthus anderssonii and Cinnamomum verum crude extracts and fractions
May 2018
In this study, phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic (80%) extracts from leaf and stem of Pistacia lentiscus and Phyllanthus anderssonii and leaf of Cinnamomum verum and their fractions were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was determined by stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method....
Indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used in and around Robe Town, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia
May 2018
A study on medicinally important plants in and around Robe town, Southwest Ethiopia was been carried out to document the medicinal plants and the associated knowledge in the area. Thirty informants with age range between 18 and 70 years took part in this study. Semi-structured interview was used to collect the data from the informants. The collected data was then analyzed using micro-soft excel spread sheet 2007 and...
Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC
May 2018
This study was designed to determine the diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Uncaria tomentosa. Leaf and stem were disinfected superficially and inoculated in PDA and SDA medium, with and without plant extract and incubated at 18 and 28°C for isolation of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi were inoculated in BD medium and the metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate. Endophytic...
Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Croton lechleri (Euphorbiaceae)
May 2018
Croton lechleri is a native species from the Amazon and used with relative frequency in folk medicine in Brazil and other countries. Diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi associated with this plant were studied here. Samples of leaves and stems were used and 575 endophytic fungi were isolated (307 from leaves and 268 from stems), comprising 284 morphotypes distributed in 13 genera and unknown. The...
Effect of aqueous leaf extracts of Leptadenia hastata Pers (Decne) on spermiogram and testicular histology in albino rats (Wistar strain)
April 2018
This study was designed to determine the effects of prolonged oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata Pers (Decne) on sperm concentration, sperm motility and testicular histology in Wistar rats. Rats were given graded doses (200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg-1) of aqueous leaf extract of L. hastata orally for 28 days. Weekly changes in sperm concentration and motility as well as testicular...
Isolation, characterization and biological activity of organic extractives from Calodendrum capense (L.f.) Thunb.(Rutaceae)
April 2018
A novel prenylfuroquinoline alkaloid capensenin (1), an alkaloid confusameline (2), two furanocoumarins psolaren (3) and bergapten (4), were isolated from hexane and dichloromethane crude extracts of stem bark, leaves and fruit pericarp of Calodendrum capense. Limonin (5) was also isolated from the stem bark, while limonin diosphenol (6) was isolated from the seeds. Capensenin (1) showed weak antimicrobial activity...
Characterization and antioxidant properties of crude water soluble polysaccharides from three edible mushrooms
March 2018
In the present study three species of mushrooms, Auricularia auricula (AAP), Lentinus edodes (LDP, Shiitake mushroom) and Poria cocos (PCP) were isolated water soluble polysaccharides, and their antioxidant properties and chemical characteristics were evaluated. Fourier Transform-infrared analysis demonstrated that three polysaccharides were composed of β-glycoside linkages 3304 to 1000 cm-1, and continued until...
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