Chemical composition, antioxidant and topical anti-inflammatory activities of Croton cordiifolius Baill. (Euphorbiaceae)
January 2017
Croton cordiifolius is widely used in Brazilian Caatinga folk medicine to treat general inflammation, pain, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Currently, its medicinal properties are not well understood, owing to the absence of chemical and pharmacological studies. The aims of this work were to analyze the chemical composition of C. cordiifolius stem bark and evaluate its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo...
Induction of biochemical active constituents of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider) callus affected by hormones
January 2017
The present study aimed to identify some metabolites products obtained from different jojoba callus tissue extracts using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). It is known that Jojoba, a medicinal and oil-yielding, has multi-purpose uses. In addition, it produces toxins, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and other secondary metabolites from callus identified using GC-MS. Despite the direct effect of 2,4-D...
Comparative physicochemical, phytochemical and acute toxicity studies of two Ocimum species in Western Uganda
January 2017
Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum suave are species belonging to the Lamiaceae family; they have been domesticated and are widely grown in gardens in Western Uganda for its claimed beneficial effect in ethnomedical practice. This study was aimed at comparative evaluation of the physicochemical, phytochemical and acute toxicity potentials of their leaves. Dried leaves of O. gratissimum and O. suave were subjected to...
Chemical profiling and chemical standardization of Vitex negundo using 13C NMR
January 2017
Chemical profiling and standardization of the defatted methanol extract of the leaves of Vitex negundo L. were carried out using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis followed by chemometric analysis of the chemical shift data. Chemical profile was obtained using a k-means cluster profile and chemical standardization which was achieved using a multivariate control chart. The V. negundo samples were made up of...
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil and fractions extracted from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L. cultivated in Southern Brazil
December 2016
Laurus nobilis L., popularly known as laurel, is a tree belonging to the Lauraceae family, native to Asia. It has long been used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatic disorders, and as a gastric stimulant. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) and fractions from laurel by column chromatography, and to evaluate their antifungal activity. The EO of L. nobilis leaves...
Flavonoids as photoprotective agents: A systematic review
December 2016
There is a growing need for research of photoprotective molecules from natural sources. Flavonoids have shown significant absorption in ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB) region, due to their chemical structure with conjugated double bonds, and may be used as ingredients in cosmetics formulations for skin protection. This systematic review reports what has been researched over the past decade on flavonoid and...
Polyphenols derived from four indigenous Indian fruits for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy
December 2016
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, including developing and underdeveloped nations. Mortality and morbidity data suggest that incidences are higher than those of the cardiovascular diseases. High cost and occurrence of numerous side and adverse effects associated with conventional anticancer regimes has necessitated shifting the focus towards the practice of traditional alternative and complementary...
Assessment of phytochemical content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three medicinal plants of Nepal
December 2016
Three indigenous medicinal plants, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis Mabb. and Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw., have been investigated for their phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. All the three plants tested were positive for polyphenols, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and reducing sugar. The ethanol extract of these medicinal plants were subjected to...
Preclinical anti-HSV-1 activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Kenya grown pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium)
November 2016
Due to the opportunistic nature of Herpes simplex viral infections, it is of great public concern in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, there is no vaccine or cure for this viral infection. In this study, anti-viral activity of the Kenyan Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Pyrethrum) against Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) was evaluated in vivo (using Swiss mice). Phytochemical screening for presence of secondary metabolites of...
DNA damages promoted by the essential oil from leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae)
November 2016
The Casearia species (Salicaceae) occur in the tropics and subtropics and their extracts are rich in clerodane-type diterpenes, known as casearins. According to the literature, extracts from Casearia sylvestris exhibit cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in different tumor cell lines, possibly related to the casearins. On the other hand, there are few studies related to the DNA damages of the essential oils from this...
Phytolacca octandra (L.), Phytolacca dodecandra (L'Herit) and Balanites aegypiaca (L.) extracts as potential molluscicides of schistosomiasis transmitting snails
November 2016
Schistosomiasis is a widespread parasitic infection whose intermediate host is aquatic snails and affects more than 250 million people worldwide. Although control of the snails with synthetic molluscicides is possible, it is not greatly preferred due to concerns of environmental toxicity and the relatively high cost of the chemicals. Conversely, organic plant-derived molluscicides are a better alternative that can be...
Pharmacological activities of methanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus pulp
November 2016
The methanolic extract of Phyllanthus acidus pulp was screened in the present study to explore pharmacological activities on laboratory animals. The hypoglycemic activity was assessed by glucose tolerance test and the antidiarrheal activity was evaluated by castor oil induced diarrhea inhibition method. The analgesic and anesthetic activity was determined by Tail immersion method and Thiopental sodium induced sleeping...
In vitro antibacterial activity of Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia essential oils and Neco® on extended-spectrum ß-lactamases producing or non-producing bacterial strains
November 2016
This study aims at assessing the in vitro activity of Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Lippia multiflora, Melaleuca quinquenervia essential oils and the biobactericide Neco® on extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing or non-producing bacterial strains (ESBL) isolated at the Armed forces hospital of Libreville. The aromatogram and antibiogram were respectively assessed by the agar well diffusion...
Acute toxicity study of Sphaeranthus bullatus used as herbal tea in Tanzania
November 2016
Sphaeranthus bullatus aerial part is used by Chaga people in Northern Tanzania as herbal tea. It is usually drunk for the management of diarrhea. In this study acute toxicity of S. bullatus was evaluated in order to establish its safety to verify its use as herbal tea. Acute toxicity was performed per Organization for Economic co-operation and Development 423 (OECD) guideline. Six groups of female white...
Insignificant activity of Allium paradoxium and Tanacetum parthenium on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus: In vitro study
November 2016
Medicinal plants are now recognized as most important alternative for chemical drugs resource, especially for anti-microbial targets. The current study aimed to determine the scolicidal effect of Allium paradoxium and Tanacetum parthenium as medicinal plants in vitro. Protoscoleces were exposed to different concentrations of chloroformic and hydroalcholic extracts (1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/mL) for 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 min....
Antileishmanial effects of the alkaloid-rich fraction of Quassia amara L.
November 2016
Control of leishmaniasis remains a challenge due the high toxicity of the chemotherapeutic drugs presently available. The ongoing search for better leishmanicidal compounds has brought herbal drugs into the limelight as safe and effective substitutes to conventional therapies which have various drawbacks. The current study was designed to evaluate the antileishmanial effect of Quassia amara against Leishmania...
In silico physico-chemical evaluation, anti-inflammatory and mcf-7 breast cancer cell line growth inhibition effects of trolline isolated from Mirabilis jalapa
November 2016
The in silico simulations and predictions approach in evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties of new chemical entities (NCEs) is fast becoming an acceptable trend in natural products research and drug discovery. This paper focuses on the properties of trolline with respect to its anti-inflammatory and MCF-7 breast cancer cell line growth inhibition effects and an attempt to predict physico-chemical drug-like properties...
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in malaria management in South Benin
November 2016
In Bénin, malaria is a major public health concern, especially for children under five years and pregnant women. Considering the inefficiency of the health centers in some regions, people use plants for their primary health care. This study aimed to identify and document the medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria in four departments (Littoral, Ouémé, Plateau and Zou) of south...
Effect of crude extracts from the root of Stemona tuberosa Lour. on the replication of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus
November 2016
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of crude extracts from the root of Stemona tuberosa Lour. on the replication of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Cytotoxicity of crude hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol extracts from the root of S. tuberosa was tested against Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9) using MTT assay. The cytotoxic effect, represented as CC50...
Cytotoxic, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of aqueous extracts of leaves and flavonoids occurring in Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
November 2016
Several investigations have demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Kalanchoe pinnata is globally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as diarrhea, infections, tuberculosis and fever. Among the enteropathogenic bacteria, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in the world. EAEC is also capable of forming biofilms, conformation that...
Elicitation induced flavonoids, phenolic constituents, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Artemisia monosperma callus cultures
October 2016
Artemisia monosperma (Delile) callus was induced using seedling explant cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium (M&S) supplemented with 1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/L kinetin (Kn). Cultures were maintained on 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4- D) and 1 mg/L Kn and treated with different elicitors. Total flavonoids and phenolics were determined by aluminum chloride-potassium acetate...
Genetic diversity and seasonal chemical profile by 1H NMR and cytotoxic activity in Opuntia and Nopalea genres
October 2016
The cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) is known to have bioactive compounds which work in the prevention of various diseases, especially cancer. The objectives of the study were to characterize the chemical profile and genetic diversity, through chromatic tests and 1H NMR, using multivariate analysis, and assess the cytotoxic potential of cactus pear varieties of Opuntia and Nopalea genera grown in the semi-arid region of...
Stem bark extracts of Erythrina excelsa (BAK) and their biological activities
October 2016
The species is known from Southern Nyanza, Migori in Kenya. The extraction of the stem bark was done sequentially using organic solvents starting with the least polar; n-hexane then dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and finally the most polar methanol. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude extract and that of isolated compounds from the stem bark of E. excelsa were investigated. The crude extracts had...
Phytochemical investigation, antinociceptive activity and cytotoxicity of crude extracts of Calea uniflora Less.
October 2016
Calea uniflora Less. is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of inflammation and haematomas in southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects and cytotoxicity of C. uniflora. Regarding phytochemical evaluation, the crude extracts of plant were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antinociceptive activities utilised models on chemical and thermal stimuli in...
Documentation of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used to manage common influenza and related symptoms in Luwero district, central Uganda
October 2016
Herbs are used in treatment of various diseases in Uganda. Influenza is one of the diseases that is treated by herbs, the disease previously known to be non fatal is progressively becoming a threat due to immune complications in people living with HIV, poor diets and the fear of fatal introduced strains like Bird Flu. An ethno botanical survey was conducted to document medicinal plants and preparations used in the...
Sub-chronic toxicity of the leaf aqueous extract of Bidenspilosa Linn (Asteraceae) in male and female rats
October 2016
Bidens pilosa is used empirically for the treatment of various illnesses among which are: jaundice, conjunctivitis, cataract, malaria, ulcers and hypertension. This study is aimed at evaluating the sub-chronic toxicity of the leaf aqueous extracts of B. pilosa. The effects of the administration of the aqueous extracts of B. pilosa on physical (body weight, relative weight of organs), biochemical and histological...
Phytochemical, nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of leaves, stems bark and roots of trees used in popular medicine for the treatment of malaria in South Eastern Nigeria
October 2016
Environmental factors are known to affect genes in various ways. They are affecting the gene products including the production of both primary and secondary metabolites, hence the need to assess the phytochemical and nutritional compositions of Morinda lucida Benth and Alstonia boonei De Wild growing in Nsukka, Enugu state, south eastern Nigeria. The qualitative analyses of the plant parts showed the presence of...
Assessment of thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing potential and total phenolic content of Typha elephantina Roxb.
October 2016
In this study, the crude methanolic extracts of whole palnt of Typha elephantina Roxb. were directed for screening of thrombolytic activity, membrane stabilizing activity, and total phenolic content. Human erythrocytes were taken for the analysis of both thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities and here streptokinase (SK) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) were used as standard for both tests, respectively. The...
Caryocar brasiliense fruit intake ameliorates hepatic fat deposition and improves intestinal structure of rats
October 2016
Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) is an exotic fruit, high in monounsaturated fat acids (MUFA) and bioactive compounds, which have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. However, this fruit is poorly studied in this context. In this study, the effects of pequi pulp intake on cardiometabolic risk factors of rats were evaluated. Therefore, 16 male weaned rats were divided into two groups: Control group and Pequi...
Screenings of In-vitro antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity of crude methanolic extracts of Crinum latifolium (Leaves)
October 2016
Crude methanolic extracts of Crinum latifolium plant (Leaves) was assayed to identify various pharmacological properties. Antimicrobial potential of crude methanolic extracts of C. latifolium was accomplished by most commonly used disc diffusion method against a wide range of Gram positive (+ve) and Gram negative(-ve) bacteria. Extracts showed slight antimicrobial activity against Gram positive (+ve) bacteria while...
Acute oral toxicity study of Mystroxylon aethiopicum root bark aqueous extract in albino mice
October 2016
Acute oral toxicity of Mystroxylon aethiopicum root bark aqueous was evaluated in albino mice of either sex. In this study, five groups of mice were orally treated with doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight of crude extract. The mortality, signs of toxicity and body weights were observed individually for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks study, all animals were sacrificed and the hematological...
Antifungal activities of crude extracts of some Nigerian chewing sticks
September 2016
Preliminary screening of both methanol and aqueous extracts of the stem and root of Distemonanthus benthmianus, Treculia africana, Garcinia kola and Anogessus leiocarpus was carried out to test for antifungal activity. This was investigated using disc diffusion technique by measuring the zone of inhibition of the fungi after infusion with the plant extract. This produced definite antifungal activity against the...
Antimicrobial effect of chalepensin against Streptococcus mutans
September 2016
Dental diseases play an important role in public health. The use of conventional antibiotics for treatment can create microbial resistance; therefore, it is critical to search for alternatives to which there is no such an effect. In this regard, we have studied the in vitro effect of chalepensin, from the plant Ruta chalepensis L., against the dental caries etiological agent Streptococcus mutans. R. chalepensis is...
Antitumor activity of Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose extracts against murine lymphoma L5178Y-R and skin melanoma B16F10 cells
September 2016
Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose is a species belonging to the family Cactaceae. In traditional medicine, it is recommended to treat diabetes and gastrointestinal infections; however, there are no studies related to its use in cancer treatment. The in vitro antitumor effect of P. marginatus hexane, chloroform, methanol, and methanol-aqueous partition stem extracts, against murine lymphoma L5178Y-R and...
Anti-candida biofilm properties of Cameroonian plant extracts
September 2016
Candida infections can be superficial, invasive or disseminating. The virulence of Candida species has been attributed to several factors, including the promotion of hyphae and biofilm formation, adherence to host tissues, and response to environmental changes and morphogenesis. Resistance to many clinically used antifungal agents has led to the need to identify new compounds and drugs for therapeutic use. Therefore,...
Antimicrobial activities and preliminary phytochemical tests of crude extracts of important ethnopharmacological plants from Brazilian Cerrado
September 2016
Screening of native plants with therapeutical effects constitutes a valuable way to enhance biological attributes of medicinal herbs and discover new drugs. Therefore, ethanol and methanol extracts from ten plants collected from Brazilian Cerrado were tested to inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) through disc diffusion. The...
Anti-HIV-1 activity in human primary cells and Anti-HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity of extracts from the red seaweed Acanthophora spicifera
September 2016
First generation drugs such as zidovudine have been extensively used in clinical practice, resulting in the development of HIV resistance to these nucleoside analogs. Several studies have demonstrated the effective anti-HIV activity of natural products derived from seaweeds, suggesting promising sources of substances for the development of novel antiviral drugs. In this paper, the antiviral effect of extracts from the...
Aqueous extract of Bowdichia virgilioides stem bark inhibition of allergic inflammation in mice
September 2016
This study evaluated the anti-allergenic properties of the aqueous extract of the stem bark from Bowdichia virgilioides (AEBv). Oral administration of AEBv inhibited the plasma protein leakage at 30 min post allergenic challenge in Swiss mice actively sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). AEBv inhibited OVA-induced histamine release in vitro in tissues obtained from sensitized mice. AEBv-treated mice exhibited a lower influx...
Sensitization with babassu mesocarp induces activation of murine splenocytes against tumor cells
September 2016
Attallea speciosa Mart. (babassu) fruit contains a mesocarp that is rich in carbohydrates with immunomodulatory effects. The induction of the tolerogenic response is a tumor escape mechanism, and immunomodulator adjuvants have been studied to reestablish host immunogenicity. This study evaluates the adjuvant potential of babassu mesocarp carbohydrates in a tumor model. The babassu mesocarp extraction (BME) yield was...
Curcuma comosa ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: COX-2 expression and ultrastructure changes
September 2016
To determine the protective effects of ethanol extracts of Curcuma comosa on kidney injury by cisplatin, mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups: Control, cisplatin control (12.5 mg/kg body weight (BW), i.p.), C. comosa+cisplatin (pretreatment with C. comosa at dose 200 mg/kg BW orally for 4 consecutive days before cisplatin injection), and C. comosa control groups. After five days, the renal tissues were collected to...
Chemical Composition antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity of essential oil from leaves of Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz &Pav.) Poepp. & Endl.
September 2016
Renealmia thryrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl is a plant used by the Amazonian indigenous people of Ecuador for its various medicinal properties. Its leaves exhibit a remarkable aroma with a hint of spiciness. The essential oil extracted from its leaves was analyzed by GM/MS, using two systems with columns of different polarity, in both was confirmed the presence of terpinolene (26.32%),...
Bioactivity of Platycerium angolense Flavonoid Fraction on Biochemical Parameters of Acetaminophen-induced Rats
September 2016
This study evaluated the effect of flavonoid fraction (FF) of Platycerium angolense on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rat with a view to considering the possibility of utilizing the extracts of the plant for the management and treatment of liver related ailments. Powdered leaves of P. angolense were extracted with methanol 70% (v/v) to yield methanolic extract of P. angolense (MEPA). The MEPA followed successive...
Distribution of phenolic content and screening for antioxidant capacity of different parts of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)
September 2016
Tea is a medicinal beverage manufactured from the plant, Camellia sinensis L. The bud and two adjacent leaves (tea flush) are generally harvested in this process. Currently, it is also used as an ingredient in cosmetic products. The present study was carried out to screen the antioxidant activity and the distribution of phenolic content in different parts of the tea plant for their utilization in other industries....
Impact of Colombian yellow fruits and tropical fruits drinks consumption on the antioxidant status of healthy women
August 2016
Reactive oxygen species are responsible for causing different types of damage in the body which are associated with the onset of chronic non-communicable diseases. A strategy to counteract these effects is by a diet rich in antioxidants compounds found in fruits. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity in plasma and the content of total phenolic compounds in healthy women who consumed a drink...
Effects of extraction solvents of dietary plants on lipid lowering activity
August 2016
The present study aims to investigate the effects of five dietary plants including Azadirachta indica A. Juss. var. siamensis Valeton (flowers), Bombax ceiba Linn (pollen), Citrus hystrix DC (leaves), Polygonum odoratum Lour (leaves), and Solanum torvum Sw (fruits) on activity of pancreatic lipase, micellar cholesterol solubilization and bile acids binding. Two different organic solvents (methanol and ethanol) and...
Antibacterial, antifungal and in vitro cytotoxic activities of three extracts isolated from mint
August 2016
A number of reports have been focusing on chemical compositions and functional properties of essential oils isolated from mint. However, there is little data available on the biological activities of non-volatile constituents. In this study, the antibacterial (against 2 gram-positive bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus; 2 gram-negative bacterial strains: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas...
Indigenous knowledge and antibacterial activity of selected herbs used locally to treat common cold in Central Uganda
August 2016
The study documented the medicinal plants used in the treatment of influenza and common cough and established efficacy of some plants locally used against bacteria causing upper respiratory tract infections in Uganda. It involved an ethnobotanical survey and laboratory experimental investigation to determine the bioactivity against selected bacteria that cause upper respiratory tract infections. Data on medicinal...
Versatility and consensus of the use of medicinal plants in an area of cerrado in the Chapada do Araripe, Barbalha - CE- Brazil
August 2016
This study aimed to conduct an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal species in an área of cerrado vegetation in the chapada do Araripe, Ceara, as well as evaluating and selecting species with potential for bioprospecting, based on the relative importance of the species and the consensus among the informants. The ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a free list, and by using the...
Investigation of the inhibitory effects from the Brazilian medicinal plant Pothomorphe umbellata L. (Piperaceae) on the molecular pathways of cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor kappa B
August 2016
Presently, medicinal plants, such as Pothomorphe umbellata L. (Piperaceae), have been assessed as sources of potential therapeutic medicines. The inhibitory effects of the crude extract, fractions and 4-nerolidylcathecol, a phenolic compound which has been assigned significant activity in several beneficial properties performed by the plant, on the molecular pathways of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa...
Isolation of a novel piperidide from Achillea ‘Moonshine’ using bioactivity guided fractionation for the treatment of acne
August 2016
Achillea millefolium is a flowering plant in the family, Asteraceae and is known to be used in traditional medicine as astringent, stimulant, tonic, antiphlogistic and for the treatment of cold and influenza. In an earlier study in the authors’ laboratory, four different extracts of a variety of yarrow called Achillea ‘Moonshine’ were tested for anti-acne effect. The petroleum ether extract of Achillea...
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