Articles
Page 2 of 1138, showing 50 records out of 56877 total, starting on record 51, ending on 100
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Impact of companion cropping on incidence and severity of maize ear rots and mycotoxins in
Western Kenya
Mycotoxins are harmful to health and mainly arise from ear rots, affecting maize in the field. This work analysed the effect of the cropping system on ear rot and final effect on mycotoxins from four sub-counties (districts) of western Kenya, Butere, Kisumu, Siaya and Vihiga, where plots comprising maize planted either as pure stand or in mixture with legumes, predominantly common bean treated as “Maize...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Control of broadleave and grass weeds in Saccharum officinarum with the use of pre-emergence herbicides
In order to identify combinations of effective preemergent herbicides for weeds in sugarcane, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural School of Concepción; Concepción, Paraguay. The experimental model was subdivided plots, with two factors: A1 without herbicide for broadleaf weeds, A2 diuron (dose 3 t ha-1), A3 atrazine (dose 4 kg ha-1), A4 sulfentrazone (dose 1.2 t ha-1) and B1 without herbicide...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Distribution of rainwater by species of caatinga vegetation
This study aimed to estimate the redistribution of rainfall in a Caatinga vegetation fragment of about 50 years in fallow system, in late stage of regeneration. To quantify the throughfall, rainfall collectors were installed in six individuals of the species Croton blanchetianus, Mimosa tenuiflora, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Poincianella bracteosa, totaling 30 rainfall collectors. For the...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Comparison of Grafting Techniques and their Effects on some Growth Parameters of Ten Elite Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.)
Cocoa productivity in Côte d’Ivoire has been on a downward trend for the last decades due to many factors key among them being the non-availability of quality planting materials. However, some elite clones developed in the country are available and need to be adopted by farmers. This study was conducted in Soubré, Côte d’Ivoire to evaluate the grafting techniques (top grafting and budding)...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Gas exchange and chlorophyll content in tomato grown under different organic fertilizers and biofertilizer doses
The correct management of organic fertilization has been shown as an extremely viable alternative in the production of vegetables, providing high yields concomitant to the reduction of synthetic fertilizers. The improvement of the production can be interpreted by the physiological behavior, favored by the organic fertilization with the supply of nutrients. Thus, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the gas exchange...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Mechanical harvest methods efficiency and its impacts on quality of narrow row cotton
The large scale cultivation of cotton in the Cerrado areas was made possible by large investments in technology, particularly in mechanized harvesting, which makes the business viable. However, the use of harvesters causes qualitative and quantitative losses to the final product, reducing the profitability of production. This study aimed to evaluate the fiber characteristics of narrow row cotton using harvesting Pro-12...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Nutritive value and degradability “in situ” of dry matter elephant grass silages with addition of babassu meal
The goal of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value and the in situ degradability of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) silages with addition of babassu meal (BaM). PVC silos with 0.25 m in diameter and 0.75 m in height were used. It was done by adopting a compression of 550 kg/m3 in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. It was found that increasing linear effect (P< 0.05) on the...
October 2018
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Antiviral effect of the seaweed Osmundaria obtusiloba against the Zika virus
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne member of the family Flaviviridae, is a human pathogen of global significance. Recently, ZIKV, has become a public health problem with increases in numbers of cases and a strong association between ZIKV outbreaks and the spread of cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and microcephaly. In this study, the extracts of the seaweed Osmundaria obtusiloba (O. obtusiloba) (native to the...
October 2018
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Malaria parasite clearance rate of crude methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei
This study aims to determine the malaria parasite clearance rate of crude methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. P. berghei was injected in mice and left for 3 days for establishment. Blood sample collected and diluted with phosphate buffer saline was used for infection. Five (5) groups of animals (mice) were used in this study each...
October 2018
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities of the wood extracts of Tabebuia avellanedae from the Cerrado of Brazil
Tabebuia avellanedae is an important timber source belonging to the family of Bignoniaceae. The latter is known for its richness in terms of variety of bioactive chemical constituents, and it has been used in folk medicine for treatment of various diseases. The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities of the wood extracts of T. avellanedae from the...
October 2018
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Physician prescription practice of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infection at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi, Tanzania
Upper respiratory tract infection occurs commonly in both children and adults and is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Inappropriate antibiotic prescription for upper respiratory tract infections is associated with increasing antibiotic resistance, healthcare costs, adverse events, and poor patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine physician prescription practices of antibiotics for upper...
October 2018
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Simple bioanalytical method development and validation of micronised Domperidone 20 mg tablets using LCMS-MS and its pharmacokinetic application in Healthy Indian Volunteers
The current investigation deals with an validated Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method for the quantification of micronised domperidone in plasma of human volunteers. The validation of LC-MS/MS method was accomplished by evaluating the inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy in a linear concentration range of 3.33-100 ng/ml. The entire study was an attempt...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
A review of the evaluation of irrigation practice in Nigeria: Past, present and future prospects
Irrigation practice across the world is vital to successful green revolution all year round to achieving sustainable development goals in food security, socio-economic and rural development. However, irrigation practice in Nigeria has not achieved the set goals despite the huge investment involved. Moreover, the level of investment and abundant water resources ought to have expedited the goals of food self-sufficiency...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Corynespora leaf fall of Hevea brasilensis: Challenges and prospect
Hevea brasiliensis is the major source of natural rubber. Natural rubber being a unique biopolymer of strategic importance needs to be continuously well managed and protected against biotic damages. Many rubber producing countries include South East Asia, Africa and Latin America among others. Corynespora leaf fall caused by Corynespora cassiicola is currently considered as the most destructive leaf disease of Hevea...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Occurrence of plant bacterial diseases in Jordan
Different studies were done in order to investigate the occurrence of bacterial diseases on different crops grown in Jordan during different growing seasons. Surveys were made and different bacterial diseases have been recorded based on symptoms and pathogenic nature. Morphological characters, biochemical tests and PCR detections were employed in order to detect and identify the causal agents of different inspected...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Management of Dinoderus porcellus L. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) infesting yam chips using varietal resistance and botanical powders of three medicinal plants
In Benin, stored yam chips are severely attacked by Dinoderus porcellus Lesne which causes important losses. The use of medicinal plants combined with the insect-resistant yam chips can be an efficient alternative of chemical insecticides for yam chips protection. This study aims to evaluate an integrated pest management of D. porcellus using combined effects of resistant yam chips (Boniwouré, Gaboubaba,...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
The Production and prediction of major chinese agricultural fruits using an econometric analysis and machine learning technique
This paper investigates and explores the relationship between agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP) and major fruit output: apple, citrus, pears, grapes and bananas in China. The ordinary least square (OLS) method and the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test were used to analyze the data, and the Johansen co-integration test was used to interpret the results. The machine learning technique was used to examine and to...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Prevalence, cultural and pathogenic characterization of Zymoseptoria tritici, agent of wheat septoria leaf blotch, in Algeria
Wheat is the 2nd most important culture in the world. Septoria leaf blotch is one of the most important wheat diseases. It is caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (an: Zymoseptoria tritici). The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence and the importance of this disease in Algeria. A collection of 625 isolates was made through the years (2010, 2011, and 2013). Isolates were collected from the Algerian zones...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Sandy soil fertility restoration and crops yields after conversion of long term Acacia senegal planted fallows in North Cameroon
Tree planted fallow is an agroforestry system that may restore degraded soils and protect them from erosion. In this study, sandy soils properties of Acacia senegal planted fallows (AF) were assessed and compared to those from the continuous cropped system (CC) in 3 sites from Northern Cameroon in order to determine its suitability to restore soil fertility and sustain crop productivity. Soil samples were collected from...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Intra- and inter-specific interference between slender amaranth and red pepper
Competition interferes with the growth and development of plants, whether of the same species or not. The aim of this work is to evaluate the intra-specific interference of slender amaranth plants (Amaranthus viridis) at different densities and distances, and in an inter-specific interaction with red pepper (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum). The experiment was conducted in four replications and in a randomized complete...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Pasture quality of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania subjected to different rest periods for milk production
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two defoliation intervals on the morphological characteristics of the experimental group. Chemical composition characteristics of a Tanzania grass pasture (Panicum maximum) and the performance of crossbred cows on intermittent grazing were examined. The digestibility of the dry matter, the digestibility of the organic matter fibrous, the voluntary dry matter...
October 2018
African Journal of Agricultural Research
Coffee growers’ local knowledge on shade tree species in Adola Rede District, Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Farmers have a detailed local knowledge about different tree species which are either retained or planted on their farms. Thus, it is possible to learn from farmers’ observations to enhance understanding of local agro-ecological knowledge. This study aimed to investigate coffee growers’ local knowledge on shade tree species. The study was conducted at Adola Rede District, in Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia. To...
September 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Temperature effects on cooked food in the tropics: A case study of local soups in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
This study examined the effects of temperature on cooked food in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. It utilized the survey research design. Primary data about cooked food conditions between hours of reheating were generated from women in the area using copies of checklist. Temperature data were collected for a period of one year from Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Delta State University, Abraka. The data were...
September 2018
African Journal of Food Science
A comparative study on stability of different types of coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil against autoxidation and photo-oxidation
This study aimed to compare the stability of five types of coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil available in Sri Lanka. The types of coconut oil studied were coconut pairing oil (CPO), white coconut oil (WCO), refined bleached and deodorized coconut oil (RBDCO), virgin coconut oil (VCO) and coconut oil (CO). Oils were exposed to elevated temperature (60±5°C) in the presence of excess air or oxygen to induce...
September 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Isolation and identification of probiotic Lactobacillus species from traditional drink kunun-zaki fortified with paddy rice and sweet potatoes
The present study was conducted to determine the probiotic properties of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Kunun-zaki processed with different thickeners. Kunun-zaki was processed using 50:50 and 80:20 millet and sorghum. A total of seven isolates that is, Lactobacillus (Lb.) lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lb. acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and...
September 2018
African Journal of Food Science
Proximate composition, physical characteristics and mineral content of fruit, pulp and seeds of Parinari curatellifolia (Maula) from Central Malawi
In this study, proximate composition, physical characteristics and mineral content of fruit, pulp and seeds of Parinari curatellifolia (Maula) fruits from Bunda forests in Central Malawi were determined. Proximate composition included crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber, while physical characteristics included mass, length, thickness of whole fruit and kernels and minerals included potassium, magnesium, manganese,...
September 2018
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth) Kuntze essential oil: Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial test against respiratory pathogens
The essential oil of leaves and flowers of Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) collected in the province of Pichincha-Ecuador was steam distilled and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to determine its chemical composition. The majority of the compounds identified were carvacrol acetate (42.1%), carvacrol (20.6%), pulegone (6.3%) and thymol (5.5%). Antioxidant activity was assessed by...
September 2018
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
Anti-inflammatory property of the methanol leaf extract of Parinari kerstingii (ENGL) in rats
The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract of Parinari kerstingii leaves was investigated using egg albumin-induced rat paw oedema, leukocyte mobilization, and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability assay methods. Heat and hypotonicity-induced heamolysis of human red blood cell membrane were also used to assess its membrane stabilizing effect and to determine its inhibitory property on phospholipase A2 activity....
September 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Phenotypic characterization of the West Africa dwarf goats and the production system in Liberia
Data on characterization of animal genetic resources are valuable in the development of breeding and conservation schemes to ensure their sustainable use. A survey was conducted to collect baseline data on the phenotypic characteristics, production system, traits of economic importance and challenges faced by goat farmers in Liberia. The survey was carried out in the 15 counties of Liberia and covered 1314 animals in...
September 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Production performance evaluation of koekoek chicken under farmer management practice in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia
The objective of the study was to introduce and evaluate production performance of Koekoek chicken under smallholder farmers’ management practice and enhance their household income. This on farm experiment was conducted in eastern and south eastern zone of Tigray region. About 53 food insecure smallholder farmers were selected in collaboration with the experts and village administrators. Eighty seven percent of...
September 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Livestock production system characterization in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Despite its vital role in the country’s economic activities, livestock sector was considered as poor investment for development in Ethiopia. But currently, it is being given due attention in government policy planning, especially in the last two growth and transformation plans. Arsi zone is known for its own cattle breed known as “Arsi breed” (one of the six local breeds of the country) and has huge...
September 2018
International Journal of Livestock Production
Poultry manure as a protein supplement in indigenous goat production in Zimbabwe
The abundance of poultry litter in most farms in the sub-Saharan Africa is becoming an environmental problem. The objective of this study is to evaluate the proximate value, in-vitro digestibility of dried poultry manure (DPM) and its subsequent effect on growth, pH, and volatile fatty acid production of indigenous goats in Zimbabwe. Eighteen goats were randomly allocated to two treatment diets: grazing veld grass plus...
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Stability for descriptors of Solanum aethiopicum Shum group (family Solanaceae)
Solanum aethiopicum Shum group is a nutrient-rich and income-generating crop enterprise in various sub-Saharan Africa countries. Despite its importance, the development of its improved varieties has not been prioritized. Until now, no field-based descriptor development reference for the crop is available for testing candidate varieties for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability. The purpose of this study is to...
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Inheritance and combining ability of cowpea resistance to bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.)
The bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is one of the most destructive pests and causes substantial losses to cowpea during storage in tropical and subtropical regions. The development of successful breeding strategy requires knowledge on gene action and trait inheritance in local and improved sources. In this study, the mode of inheritance, the types of gene action and maternal effects of cowpea resistance to...
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Inheritance and combing ability in maize using a 7x7 diallel cross
Twenty one F1s produced from 7x7 diallel mating along with the 7 parents were evaluated to notice the inheritance and combining ability of different traits to obtain high heterotic crosses. Genetic analysis and combing ability were analyzed following Hayman’s and Griffing’s diallel analyses, respectively. Hybrids projecting positive or negative potency ratio with >1.0 value for those traits is also the...
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Genotype by environment interaction and stability analysis of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] genotypes for yield in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is claimed to be a center of diversity for cowpea production. The crop is the most drought tolerant and could help the country overcome the recurrent drought problem; however, the yield is very low due to lack of effort to develop varieties. This research was conducted to evaluate the stability of cowpea genotypes and to estimate the magnitude of genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) effect on grain yield....
September 2018
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Evaluations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties for yield and yield related traits in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
A field experiment was carried out at Laelay maichew and Tahtay maichew districts in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, for two consecutive seasons (2014/2015 to 2015/2016) under rain fed conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate and select best performing faba bean varieties. Ten faba bean varieties including the local check were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three...
September 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Tinea capitis:A tropical disease of hygienic concern among primary school children in an urban community in Nigeria
Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophyte infection in school age children in developing countries and is known to impact negatively on their health and well-being. This study determined the prevalence of T. capitis and its relationship with hygiene among primary school pupils in Ile-Ife. This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited randomly selected pupils from public and private schools in Ile-Ife from March...
September 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics within Kaduna metropolis, North-Central, Nigeria
Chlamydia trachomatis is a major causative agent of sexually transmitted disease (STD), which can damage a woman’s reproductive organs. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was investigated among 200 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in three hospitals located within Kaduna metropolis, North-Central, Nigeria. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique was performed to detect chlamydia...
September 2018
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
Assessment of major causes of heart failure and it’s pharmacologic management among patients at Felege Hiwot referral hospital in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Heart failure is a complex, clinical syndrome of signs and symptoms that are caused by defects in cardiac structure, function, or both, resulting in impairment of peripheral circulation and organ oxygenation. It is a staggering clinical and public health problem and the study of the epidemiology on heart failure demonstrated that heart failure is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and health care...
September 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Association of body weight, scrotal circumference, heart girth and penile development with spermatogenesis in the Nubian bucks
This study was designed to monitor the morphological development of the reproductive tract of the Nubian bucks in relation to puberty. Thirty-two Nubian male kids were used in this study. Their ages ranged between 1 day and 24 weeks. The study was undertaken to correlate the body weight (BW), heart girth circumference (HG), scrotal circumference (SC), testicular descent into the scrotum and penile separation from...
September 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Assessment on major reproductive health problems of dairy cattle in Boloso Sore, Southern Ethiopia
The ultimate goal integrated herd health management is to lower calving interval, decrease the number of services per conception thereby increasing reproduction and production but reproductive health disorders affect the reproductive performance of the dairy cows, the number of potential replacement needed to maintain a constant herd size and the longevity of the cow in the herd. There was insufficiency research...
September 2018
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health
Prevalence and clinical pathology caused by infectious bronchitis virus in poultry birds at Sindh, Pakistan
Poultry is a major meat and eggs producing sector that generates high income throughout the world. Despite worldwide growth of poultry, it is influenced by various infectious pathogens especially infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). As a result of heavy economic losses through high morbidity, mortality, deficient performance, low weight gain, abnormal colour and misshapen eggs, this study is designed on identification and...
September 2018
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with diets containing caffeine
The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of caffeine on the performance of juveniles of Nile tilapia. One hundred and forty four (144) juveniles of Nile Tilapia with mass, total length and initial mean height of 2.94 ± 0.16 g, 5.19 ± 0.14 cm and 1.49 ± 0.04 cm, respectively, were used. The fishes were housed in 24 plastic boxes in a closed water recirculation system, where...
September 2018
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Anaesthetic effects and haematological responses of heterobranchus bidorsalis juveniles exposed to
clove oil
This study aims to investigate the use of clove oil as an anaesthetic agent for Heterobranchus bidorsalis juveniles and assess the effects on the test fish, using some hematological parameters. Different concentrations of clove oil (0.8 to 1.2 ppm) were used in static water to determine the induction time and recovery time of the test organisms. Behavioral changes of the test fish were observed, the time the fish became...
September 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Drivers and socioeconomic factors influencing individual and household adaptation to climate change: A case study of residents of Leeds, UK
The dynamic nature of human adaptation and coping strategies to climate change continues to arouse the interest of environmental researchers. This study contributed to this growing area of research by examining the drivers and some socioeconomic factors influencing individual and household adaptation to climate change. Data were collected through household surveys and in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics,...
September 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
Access to land and agricultural based livelihoods in Northwestern Ethiopia: Implications for land use
Land has been curtail national asset and seen as central to economy, the social and political spheres of community as well as the overall society. The objective of this paper has been to assess the implication of accessing land and agricultural based livelihoods of smallholder on land use. The underpinning research involved both primary and secondary data. Primary data were generated using household surveys, focus group...
September 2018
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics
The effects of crop market participation in improving food security among smallholder crop producer farmers: The case of Central Ethiopia, Ada’a Woreda
Merely providing support on improved yields for increased crop productivity to smallholder farmers can not improve the household food security. But parallel support for market linkages to crop producer smallholders can reap the full benefit of this increased crop productivity because lack of reliable and accessible market linking system has been found to be one of the main constraints faced by smallholder crop producer...
September 2018
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
Genotoxic effects of Peganum harmala L. in relation to traditional use
Peganum harmala L. is a well-known medicinal plant, widely distributed and used in folk medicine. Recently, numerous reports have been published regarding the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of P. harmala and its major alkaloids components. However, mammalian toxicity due to P. harmala alkaloids extract has been rarely investigated. The present research aimed to study the genotoxic effects of harmala plant...
September 2018
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy
In vitro anticancer screening of Colombian plants from Piper genus (Piperaceae)
Historically, knowledge of ethnobotany, which has revealed different phytochemical and pharmacological compounds from traditional plants, has formed the basis for new anticancer drug discovery. The use of some Piper species in traditional medicine against cancer, suggests that genus Piper is a promising source of new compounds with anticancer activity. A total of 28 ethanolic extracts were obtained from 16 different...
Page 2 of 1138, showing 50 records out of 56877 total, starting on record 51, ending on 100
