Assessment of antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea leaves in vitro and in vivo
March 2015
The purpose of the present study was to prepare ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea L. leaves (PLE) that is rich in phenolic compounds and investigate there in vitro and in vivo antioxidative activities using ethanol to induce oxidative stress in the liver. This study includes two phases. The first phase includes assessment of antioxidant capacity in vitro using 1,1- Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and...
Antimicrobial and efflux pumps inhibitory activities of Eucalyptus grandis essential oil against respiratory tract infectious bacteria
March 2015
Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the fresh and dry leaves of Eucalyptus grandis were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the fresh leaf oil were α-pinene (29.6%), p-cymene (19.8%), 1,8-cineole (12.8%) and α-terpineol (6.4%). While, the dry leaf oil had 1,8-cineole (47.4%), limonene (13.3%), α-pinene (7.5%) and...
Determination of alkaloid compounds of Ricinus communis by using gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)
March 2015
In this study, the alkaloid compounds of Ricinus communis have been evaluated. The chemical compositions of the leaf ethanol extract of R. communis were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis of R. communis alkaloid leaf ethanol extract revealed the existence of the n-haxadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 1-hexadecanol. 2-Methyl, gibb-3-ene-1. 10decarboxylic acid , 2,4a....
Karyotype analysis of obtained tetraploid in medicinal plant (Platycodon grandiflorus)
March 2015
Platycodon grandiflorus is an important medicinal plant in China. Induction of polyploidy was successfully attempted in this medicinal plant using 0.05% colchicine semi-solid under 72 h by apical shoot tip treatment of young seedlings, and then 50% mutant plants were obtained. It was testified by the chromosome number in mitosis and its karyotype analysis for diploid control and obtained mutants. The results showed that...
Comparison of allopathic and herbal medicine for the treatment of Entamoeba histolytica: A double blind clinical trial
March 2015
This parallel, randomized, double blind clinical trial was designed to compare allopathic drugs [a combination of metronidazole + diloxanide furoate (MDF)] with Endemali (herbal product) for therapeutic cure rate and side effects in order to find out the most suitable drug for this killer disease. This double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in two areas of Karachi, Pakistan after approval from ethical...
Phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic analysis of Brazilian cerrado plants: Preliminary evidence of their antitumor activity
March 2015
The aim of this study was to analyze the antitumor activity of Anacardium humile A. St.-Hil., Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul and Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb species, which are distributed in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were also conducted on the bark and leaf extracts and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were studied. The results showed that the bark and leaf...
Podophyllotoxin content in rhizome and root samples of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle populations from Indian Himalayan region
March 2015
The podophyllotoxin content in rhizome and root samples of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle (with leaf morphological variants, that is, 1, 2 and 3L), an endangered perennial herb and a source of highly valued aryltetralin lignan, collected from 17 different populations (2800 to 3600 m asl) spread across Uttarakhand State of Indian Central Himalaya were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In...
Alkaloid constitution of Nerium oleander using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)
March 2015
Oleander is an evergreen shrub or small tree from 5 to 25-ft tall containing gummy sticky sap in the dogbane family Apocynaceae. In this study, the alkaloid compounds of Nerium oleander (NO) have been evaluated. The chemical compositions of the leaf ethanol extract of N. oleander were investigated using gas chromatography-mass specroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis of N. oleander alkaloid leaf ethanol extract revealed the...
Lectin isolated from Brazilian seeds of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L) DC.) presents analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antihemolytic action
February 2015
Lectins are proteins present in all living beings capable of interacting specifically and reversibly to carbohydrates or glycoconjugates form. They stand out in this family of lectins legumes, which are of special scientific interest because they have different biological functions. This study investigated the presence of a lectin in Brazilian seeds of Mucuna, proceeding with their isolation and evaluation of its...
Essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus, Vernonia polyanthes and potassium phosphite in control of bean anthracnose
February 2015
This study evaluated essential oils of Cymbopogon flexuosus (EOC), Vernonia polyanthes (EOV), and potassium phosphite (PP) in control of bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. This study assessed mycelial growth and conidial germination in vitro, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and enzymes peroxidase (POX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). EOC and EOV in doses 1,450 and 1,320 μL L-1...
In vitro anti-Salmonella activity of extracts from selected Kenyan medicinal plants
February 2015
The aim of this study was to determine in vitro anti-Salmonella activity of extracts of five selected Kenyan medicinal plants against Salmonella ser. Typhi and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium. The extracts from Tithonia diversifolia, Warburgia ugandesis, Croton megalocarpus, Carissa edulis and Launae cornuta plants traditionally used in treatment of typhoid fever were screened for anti-Salmonella activity using disc...
Ameliorative potentials of medicinal plants on the pathophysiological complications of diabetes mellitus: A review
February 2015
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with grievous pathophysiological complications which affect various parts of the body and manifesting in different ways which include acute and chronic neuropathy, nephropathy, gastropathy, retinopathy, micro and macro cardiovascular disorders and erectile dysfunction. Incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus is fast becoming high in middle and low income countries where...
Lipid profile status of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Solenostemon monostachyus
February 2015
Lipid profile status of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Solenostemon monostachyus was assessed. A total of 24 rats were used for the experiments and were divided into four groups (that is, Diabetic Control (DC), Normal Control (NC), Insulin Treated (INS) and S. monostachyus (SM) treated groups), with 6 rats each. The extract, 250 mg/kg body weight, was administered twice daily...
Pharmaco-toxic characterization of the aqueous extract from Pereskia grandifolia leaves
February 2015
Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential for therapeutic, cosmetic and food use, and the species Pereskia grandifolia is widely used by low-income populations for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmaco-toxic potential of the aqueous extract from P. grandifolia leaves, in order to obtain information on the safety of its use. P....
Identification of flavonol glycosides and in vitro photoprotective and antioxidant activities of Triplaris gardneriana Wedd
February 2015
Triplaris gardneriana belongs to the family Polygonaceae, known for producing a number of biologically important molecules. The present study was aimed at identifying and quantify its total flavonoid content and determining the antioxidant and photoprotective potential of the plant’s leaves. The flavonoids present in the extract and fractions were analyzed using Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry...
Assessment of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of crude extracts and fractions of Schwartzia brasiliensis (Choisy) Bedell ex Giraldo-Cañas
February 2015
Schwartzia brasiliensis (Marcgraviaceae) is a native Brazilian shrub species with neotropical distribution in shoal environments. Recent studies have revealed its medicinal potential for some human diseases; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of extracts and fractions obtained from different organs of S. brasiliensis. To accomplish this, plant extracts at different...
Influence of extraction method on antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum L.
February 2015
The aim of this study was to define whether novel extraction methods such as microwave and ultrasound could obtain the most effective ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum as antibacterial agents. These extracts were compared with respect to extractive yield, eugenol content, antibacterial activity and brine-shrimp (Artemia salina) toxicity with extracts obtained by the classical procedures of maceration and Soxhlet....
Antioxidant evaluations of polar and non-polar fractions of Cajanus cajan seeds
February 2015
Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp., named Arhar in Hindi and Pigeon pea in English, is an important grain crop of rain-fed agriculture in semi-arid tropics, belonging to family Leguminosae. It is a food and a forage crop, rich in proteins with amino acids like methionine, lysine and tryptophan. Extensive studies on chemical composition of C. cajan have been done during last few decades. This article presents an overview of...
Ethnobotanical survey and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Kagera and Lindi regions, Tanzania
February 2015
Tanzania has over 12,000 plant species, some of which are endemic and have potential to yield useful medicines. This study seeks to document such plants used as traditional medicines for treatment of malaria in Kagera region of northwestern Tanzania and Lindi region in south eastern Tanzania. The study also reports on the antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Dd2) strain of some of...
The effect of growth regulators on two different in vitro-cultured explants of Carapa guianensis
February 2015
Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae), known locally as andiroba, is a multi-use species from Amazonia. Andiroba oil is considered an important natural product in the Brazilian market, and international demand is increasing due to its cosmetic and pharmaceutical potential. C. guianensis trees produce seed irregularly over different harvest periods, leading to inconsistent oil production and difficulties with supply. No...
Comparative studies between the chemical constituents and biological properties of the extracts from the leaves and barks of Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.
February 2015
The present study describes the comparation between the chemical constituents and biological properties of leaves and barks of Myracrodruon urundeuva for proposing the medicinal use of the plant from leaves, avoiding the degradation by remotion of the barks. The results of chromatographic profile of the hydroalcoholic extracts and fractions of leaves and barks showed similarities in the composition of the...
Evaluation of membrane stabilizing, anthelmintic, antioxidant activity with phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits
February 2015
The current study was directed on methanolic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits, belonging to the family Rubiaceae, to reveal the possible phytochemicals existence and also to evaluate the membrane stabilizing, anthelmintic, antioxidant properties. To estimate the membrane stabilizing activity, both heat and hypotonic solution induced haemolysis techniques were used. The anthelmintic test was conducted on earthworm...
Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz: A review of the biological activities and phytochemical composition
February 2015
Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz is a medicinal plant widely known in Brazil as “jucá” or “pauferro” that belongs to the Fabaceae family. The species is native to Brazil and is mainly found in the North and Northeastern regions. It has been studied for its biological activities and chemical composition. Scientific literature has reported that this species contains different...
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of quinones from Auxemma oncocalyx Taub. on Leishmania braziliensis
February 2015
The effect of a quinone fraction (QF) isolated from the heartwood of Auxemma oncocalyx Taub. was investigated in vitro and in vivo on Leishmania braziliensis. Although QF (1-10 μg/mL) showing marked in vitro anti-Leishmania activity (81 to 94%), the oral treatment with the compound did not protect hamsters against progressive L. braziliensis infection. When QF was administered intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) the lesion...
Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on sperm quality, serum testosterone concentration and histometric analysis of testes from adult Wistar rats
February 2015
Ginkgo biloba extract is a widely consumed phytotherapic used mainly in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, and it has also been employed to treat erectile dysfunction and as an aphrodisiac. This work was aimed at evaluating its effect on sperm quality, serum testosterone concentration and on the histometric analysis of the testes from adult male Wistar rats. Three-month-old Wistar rats were treated...
Light spectra affect the morphoanatomical and chemical features of clonal Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. grown in vitro
February 2015
Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant and highly valued for its therapeutic properties. Since variable light conditions can significantly alter phenolic compounds that are the main therapeutic constituents of P. tenellus, including tannins and flavonoids, the development of this plant and its chemical metabolism in response to different light spectra were investigated. To accomplish...
Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of fractions from Sargentodoxa cuneata ethanol extract
January 2015
Sargentodoxa cuneata is widely used in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis in China. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities of the ethanol extracts from S. cuneata and analyze the bioactive constituents. The ethyl acetate (ESCe), dichloromethane (ESCd) and aqueous (ESCa) fractions at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly inhibited mice ear edema. Furthermore, the...
Antitermitic activity of plant essential oils and their major constituentsagainst termite Heterotermes sulcatus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
January 2015
Termiticide potential of six plant derived essential oils and their thirteen major active chemical constituents were investigated for their termiticidal activities against the termites, Heterotermes sulcatus Mathews 1977 (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) using no-choice bioassay method. Responses varied with different plant essential oils and their major chemical constituents at a fixed oil concentration. Among the essential...
Pharmacognostic analyses and evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Acmella oleracea (L.) RK Jansen (Jambu) floral extract and fractions
January 2015
Acmella oleracea (L) RK Jansen is a typical plant species of Northern Brazil, used in gastronomy and in the Amazonian folk medicine of Para State as analgesic, to treat diseases of the mouth and throat. In industry, extracts of this genus have been used in oral hygiene products and in food compositions, as refreshing and flavoring agent, and is also used in cosmetics and toiletry. This paper reports the pharmacognostic...
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.)
January 2015
Medicinal plants are being used for the treatment of several ailments by the local tribes in Mizoram, North East India. The present study was focused to analyze the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of a widely used traditional medicinal plant, Blumea lanceolaria. Total phenol content was found to be high in the ethanolic extract of leaf (33.91 mg GAE/g DW) in comparison to root and stem of the plant. Reducing...
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of some date varieties from Saravan Region, Baluchistan, Iran
January 2015
In this study, fruits of six soft cultivars of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) commonly grown in Saravan (Sistan and Baluchistan province) were analysed for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. As well, total phenolic contents were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant power of fruits was in range of 236.82 to...
Erectile dysfunction: Definition and materia medica of Bapedi traditional healers in Limpopo province, South Africa
January 2015
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a neurovascular event modulated by various factors impacting on the physiological functioning of the penile tissue. Interest in therapeutic substances of plant origin, used to treat ED, has progressively increased in the last decades. This ethnobotanical study on Bapedi aphrodisiacs was undertaken during 2010/2011 to document the floral diversity, species utilization, extract preparation and...
Antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antioxidant activity of essential oil and extracts of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss
January 2015
The goal of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and aqueous, alcoholic, and ethyl acetate extracts of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss against ten Salmonella serotypes from poultry origin (Enteritidis, Infantis, Typhimurium, Heidelberg, Mbandaka, Give, Saintpaul, Ohio, Gallinarum, and Agona); the insecticidal potential of the oil and extracts against larvae and adults of Alphitobius...
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of ethanolic extracts of kolanut (Cola nitida) (vent) and its toxicity studies in rats
January 2015
In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyse the isolated caffeine from kolanut and deternine the acute and chronic toxicity of the extract and the isolated caffeine. In chronic toxicity test, rats were divided into five groups (10 rats per group). Each rat was administered with normal saline (control group), crude kolanut extract (11.9 mg/kg), isolated caffeine (7.5 mg/kg), synthetic...
Antifungal activity of the aqueous extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis, (Rich.) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), on oral candida species
January 2015
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of the aqueous extract of the leaves of the "verbena" (gervão roxo) Stachytarpheta cayennensis, (Rich.) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) on different species and strains of the genus Candida. In this study, the species Candida albicans, Candida...
In vivo TNF-α and IL-1β inhibitory activity of phenolics isolated from Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem
January 2015
A bio-guided fractionation of the defatted ethanolic extract (DEE) of the aerial parts of Trachelospermum jasminoides and its fractions: ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), chloroform fraction (CF) and n-butanol fraction (BF) were carried out, using carragenan induced rat paw edema method, to evaluate the in vivo acute anti-inflammatory potential at a given dose of 100 mg/kg body weight compared to indomethacin (20 mg/kg body...
Some alkaloids and flavonoids from Cissampelos capensis
January 2015
Following the screening of several plant species from an inventory of common medicinal plants from South Africa for medicinal properties, Cissampelos capensis was selected for further investigation due to its interesting and useful ethnomedicinal properties. This study attempts to relate specific constituents present in this plant with its widespread ethnomedicinal uses. Six compounds were isolated and their structures...
Compact callus cultures and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae) under in vivo and in vitro culture conditions
January 2015
Plant biotechnology enables the production of biomass under controlled conditions, providing the synthesis of raw material in a continuous and homogeneous way. The aim of the present study was to establish Hovenia dulcis callus cultures and to evaluate their antioxidant potential in comparison with wild grown and in vitro plants. The best results for compact calli were obtained with the supplementation of...
Anti inflammatory properties of the root tubers of Gloriosa superba and its conservation through micropropagation
January 2015
Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae) is an important medicinal herb of Asia and Africa. The plant is used to cure ulcers, piles, cancer, gout, scrofula and act as abortifacient, anthelmintic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. The main aim of the proposed work is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of G. superba and also conserve the same plant through the in vitro propagation. The anti-inflammatory activity was...
In vitro antibacterial action on methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus and antitumor potential of Mauritia flexuosa L. f.
December 2014
Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae), commonly known as the buriti palm, is used in traditional medicine in Brazil. Oil from fruits is used for wound healing of skin burns and as an anti rheumatic agent. The stem pith is used to treat dysentery and diarrhea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of M. flexuosa L.f. extracts and fractions. Crude ethanol extracts (EtOH)...
Promoting nursery enterprise in high altitude villages: A participatory approach for conservation and commercialization of Himalayan threatened medicinal plants
December 2014
Conservation of threatened species through cultivation is anticipated to be helpful in sustainable supply of raw material of high value Himalayan medicinal plants. However, adequate production of planting material of medicinal plants is essential for promoting mass scale cultivation of potential species and also, it can be a profitable enterprise for rural communities. Utilization of traditional agro-ecological...
Ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties of Aloe vera: A review
December 2014
Aloe vera belongs to the family of Alliaceae commonly known as Ghrit Kumari which is a popular medicinal plant. It has been used for centuries for its curative and therapeutic potential. More than 200 active ingredients of medical importance have been isolated from its inner gel. A. vera is rich in anthraquinones, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and fatty acids. It has been used for an array of...
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Lantana radula Swartz and its phenylethanoid glycosides
December 2014
Many species from the genus Lantana (Verbenaceae) have been used in traditional medicine, and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities demonstrated. Lantana radula Swartz has been reported to be rich in phenylethanoid glycosides, which have various biological properties. In order to evaluate the actions of this plant, studies were performed on anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous phase resulting from the...
Ethnobotanical survey of some threatened medicinal plants of Kashmir Himalaya, India
December 2014
An ethnobotanical study was conducted from March, 2011 to October, 2012 to enumerate the diversity of traditionally used threatened medicinal plants in biodiversity rich temperate Himalayan ranges of Bandipora district, Kashmir, India. Ethnomedicinal data was gathered using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and walk-in-the-woods with local knowledgeable elders, tribals (Gujjars and Bakkerwals) and...
Inclusion of courses on phytotherapy in undergraduate curriculum of health-related courses
December 2014
Since 2006, complementary therapies, including phytotherapy, have been offered to patients in Brazil through the public health system. This indicates that health-care professionals, mainly those responsible for prescribing medications, should be prepared to provide the best information to their patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of courses on phytotherapy in the undergraduate curricula of...
Stem anatomy of cipó-caboclo (Davilla rugosa, Dillenianecae) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
December 2014
In Brazilian folk medicine, stems of Davilla rugosa, locally known as cipó-caboclo, are known for their anti-inflammatory and antiulcer uses, as well as their use as a laxative, stimulant, aphrodisiac, and tonic. The plant is also important in religious rituals. Previous studies showed that the stem contains flavonoids and terpenes. The ethnomedicinal use of D. rugosa has been reported all over Brazil. Plants of...
Optimizing the extraction of phenolic compounds from Bixa orellana L. and effect of physicochemical conditions on its antioxidant activity
December 2014
For this work, the surface response methodology was applied in order to optimize the extraction using solvents of phenolic compounds present in Bixa orellana L. seeds through a central composite design that evaluated the effect of the factors: extraction time (36 to 60 h) and the solvent ml/g seed ratio (2/1 to 4/1), for the response variable total phenol content extracted from the seed. The levels on the factors that...
Antimicrobial act ivit y of essent ial oils obt ained from Stachytarpheta cayennensis, (Rich.) Vahl. (Verbenaceae) collect ed in the South-west region of Paraná - Brazil
December 2014
Essential oils extracted from plants are currently being used in chemical syntheses or as new materials, with various medical, pharmaceutical, technological and business applications. In this context, this study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained from the verbena - Stachytarpheta cayennensis, (Rich.) Vahl. - (Verbenaceae) - collected in the Southwest region of...
Leaf powders utilization for Cola nitida protection against kola weevils (Balanogastris kolae and Sophrorhinus spp.) in storage
December 2014
The effectiveness of five plant species (Nicotiana tabacum L., Hyptis sauvolens Poit, Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon citrtus Stapf and Lantana camara L.) were investigated using their leaf powders at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g w/w as protectants of kolanuts against weevils. Nicotiana tabacum and C. citrtus suppressed the rate of Balanogastris kolae development at the treatment level of 15 g with mean adult emergence of...
Medicinal plants used in South Ecuador for gastrointestinal problems: An evaluation of their antibacterial potential
December 2014
The present study aimed to identify the main medicinal plants used by people in Ecuador South Andes to treat gastrointestinal problems, and to evaluate their antibacterial effect. Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., as gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus as gram-positive bacteria were used as in vivo models for the antibacterial screening. An ethnobotanical survey about gastrointestinal problems was applied...
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